miércoles, 8 de septiembre de 2021

Ep 123: Top 10 phrasal verbs con “RUN” que debes conocer!


En el dia de hoy vamos a explorar 10 de los phrasal verbs más comunes con la palabra “RUN”, como ya han de saber “RUN” Significa correr pero cuando lo unimos con un adverbio o preposición toman otros significados muy útiles para expresarte como un nativo en ingles.


 
“The man who moves a mountain begins by carrying away small stones.” – Confucius

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Que aprenderás en este episodio?

  • En este episodio vas aprender 10 phrasal verbs con run,

Recursos:

Lee la transcripción de la clase en el episodio:


Starlin: Iniciamos con el phrasal verb: 

1. “Run out of” (Repeat after me)

Quedarse sin algo,agotarse. 

Ejemplo:

We have run out of milk for tomorrow ‘s breakfast. Nos hemos quedado sin leche para el desayuno de mañana.

We need to finish the exam before time runs out. Tenemos que terminar el examen antes de que se agote el tiempo.

Thomas: Otro phrasal verb con Run que es super común es: 

2. “Run a business”  (Repeat after me)

significa manejar un negocio, estar a la cabeza del negocio, este phrasal verb se usa cuando hacemos referencia a la persona que maneja el negocio o es el dueño. 

Ejemplo: 

“My dream is to run a haircutting business.”

Starlin: Seguimos con nuestro tercer phrasal verb: 

3. “Run into”  (Repeat after me)

 podemos usar “run into” para referirnos a chocar, como me encontré, en tiempo pasado,  I ran into a wall on my way into the studio today, me encontré con una pared en mi camino hacia el estudio hoy. O podemos usar “RUN INTO” para referirnos a encontrar a alguien por sorpresa.

“I ran into my friend at the mall.”

Thomas: Cuarto phrasal verb en la lista es: 

4. “Run by”  (Repeat after me)

“RUN BY” significa hacer una parada rápida en alguna parte. EJEMPLO:

“Run by the post office, run by the bank, run by a school, run by my house, run by your house after work, run by my favorite ice cream shop for a treat after work,”

Starlin: Y para los que les gusta escaparse, tenemos: 

5. “Run away”  (Repeat after me)

La siguiente expresión es “run away”. “RUN AWAY” significa escapar o salir rápidamente de algún lugar. Entonces, quizás esté el matiz de que algo peligroso está sucediendo. Ejemplo:

run away from a bear, run away from a snake, run away from a strange person, run away from your fears. What? Okay. Run away from bad things.

Thomas: El sexto phrasal verb es: 

6. “Run around”  (Repeat after me)

“RUN AROUND” significa ir a muchos lugares, generalmente en un período corto de tiempo.

Ejemplo:

“He’s running around the city this afternoon. He has a lot of appointments.”

Starlin: Y otro phrasal verb con un significado útil es: 

7. “Run off with”  (Repeat after me)

Que significa Dejar un lugar o una persona repentinamente después de haber robado algo o tomado algo quizás por accidente:

Ejemplo: 

He ran off with $10,000 of the company’s money.

Thomas: En nuestro octavo lugar tenemos: 

8. “Run up”  (Repeat after me)

Hacer aumentar algo, hacer subir o subir los precios de algo. 

Ejemplo:

The sudden shortage ran up the prices of butter and cheese.

Starlin: Sabias que te puede correr una fiebre? Eso dice nuestro próximo phrasal verb: 

9. “Run a fever”  (Repeat after me)

Que significa Tener una temperatura corporal anormalmente alta (fiebre), que es indicativa de una enfermedad o está causada por ella; Tener fiebre

Ejemplo: 

After my toddler was lethargic all day, I began to worry that she was running a fever.

Thomas: Y ya por ultimo, tenemos: 

10. “Run on” (Repeat after me)

Que significa seguir sin parar; continuar más de lo necesario o esperado

The meeting will finish promptly—I don’t want it to run on.

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Conoce a los presentadores del podcast

Starlin santos

Co-fundador de englishwayrd, host del podcast englishwayrd. Profesor de ingles con mas de 5 años de experiencia en la enseñanza del idioma inglés. TEFL certified.

Thomas martinez

Co-fundador de englishwayrd, host del podcast englishwayrd. Profesor de inglés certificado con 4 años de experiencia en la enseñanza del idioma ingles y mas de 1o años en el aprendizaje de inglés. TEFL certified.


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martes, 7 de septiembre de 2021

Conditionals in English - El condicional en Inglés

Uso de condicionales en Inglés

Gramática Inglesa - English Grammar - Recursos Educativos en inglés

 El condicional se expresa utilizando el modal 'would' seguido de la base verbal (el infinitivo sin 'to'). El condicional se utiliza principalmente en tres contextos:

Para indicar cortesía:

I would like the book, please.

Would you have a couple of minutes for me?

Para expresar el "futuro del pasado":

She said she would come to the cinema.

I thought he would arrive before me.

En las construcciones hipotéticas con "si".

Cuando "si" va seguido del pretérito o del subjuntivo, el condicional se espera en la segunda cláusula:

 If I had the time, I would do my homework.

If you told me the truth, I would believe you.

El "si" de la frase hipotética puede ser implícito:

En tu lugar (= sif I were you), I wouldn't stay here.

Cuidado, el verbo en la estructura hipotética (Si...) es un pretérito modal. Usamos WERE y no WAS: If I were you... para enfatizar lo irreal.

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  • Adjetivos Posesivos en Inglés - Possessive adjectives
  • ¿Cómo aprender inglés fácil y desde casa?
  • Plural de los sustantivos en inglés
  • Many more, a lot more y Much more. Usos en inglés
  • ¿Qué son los phrasal verbs en inglés? Los más usados
  • Cómo expresar opiniones en inglés
  • Uso de whose en inglés - Pronombres relativos
  • Who, which y that - Pronombres Relativos en inglés
  • Was going to - El futuro en el pasado
  • DO y MAKE en inglés ¿Cuáles son las diferencias?
  • Cuándo usar Since, For, Ago: ¿Cuáles son las diferencias?
  • The Gerund - El gerundio en inglés
  • El Imperativo en Inglés - Imperative
  • El comparativo y el superlativo en inglés
  • Preguntas con WH-Questions 01 - What, where, why, who
  • Preguntas con WH-Questions 02 - When, Which, Whose, How
  • Cómo expresar cantidades en inglés
  • Adjectives - Los Adjetivos en Inglés
  • Uso de some / any acompañando nombres contables/incontables
  • Modal verbs - Verbos modales en inglés
  • El tiempo futuro en inglés
  • Present Perfect Progressive - Presente perfecto progresivo
  • Present perfect - El presente perfecto inglés
  • Pretérito progresivo o continuo en inglés
  • Simple past - El pretérito o pasado simple en inglés
  • Presente continuo - Forma Afirmativa - English grammar
  • Presente continuo - Forma Negativa
  • Puntuación en inglés - All about punctuation in English
  • Los verbos Auxiliares en inglés - Auxiliary Verbs
  • Verbos irregulares en inglés, la lista que debes conocer
  • Cómo decir la fecha en inglés - How to say the date in English
  • Construir frases simples - To build a simple sentence
  • Nombres contables e incontables en inglés
  • Presente continuo - Forma Interrogativa
  • Cómo Preguntar y decir el precio en inglés

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Cómo usar May y might - Verbos modales

Uso de May y Might

Gramática Inglesa - English Grammar - Recursos Educativos en inglés

May y might son modales que tienen varios significados, dependiendo del contexto. Te lo contamos a continuación.

Uso de May

La mayoría de las veces la utilizamos para expresar la incertidumbre, o la probabilidad. Si no estamos seguros de que un acontecimiento vaya a ocurrir, si no estamos seguros de una verdad, etc., lo utilizamos para expresar nuestra incertidumbre.

Ejemplos:

  • I may go to the cinema tomorrow. Puede que vaya al cine mañana.
  • Anna may come to eat with us. Puede que Anna venga a comer con nosotros.

No confundas may be con la palabra maybe, que significa "quizás, tal vez". May seguido del verbo be, es diferente de la palabra maybe.

  • I may be happy tomorrow. Puede que mañana sea feliz
  • Maybe I’m going to be happy tomorrow. Tal vez mañana sea feliz.

Otro uso de may: Hacer una pregunta de forma muy educada.

  • May I borrow your pencil please? ¿Me presta su lápiz, por favor?

Se trata de una petición expresada amablemente.

  • May I ask you a question please?

May también se utiliza para hacer un rechazo muy definitivo.

  • Por ejemplo: You may not speak here, significa que está absolutamente prohibido hablar aquí.
  • You may not do this! - ¡No puedes hacer esto!

En resumen, hay tres significados principales para May:

  • Para expresar la incertidumbre.
  • Para hacer una petición educada.
  • Para expresar una prohibición categórica.

Uso de Might

El primer significado de might es muy cercano al primer significado de may:

Para expresar la incertidumbre

En este nivel, maymight son sinónimos.

  • He might call us back, but I’m really not sure. So maybe we should call him. Puede que nos llame, pero no estoy seguro. Así que tal vez deberíamos llamarlo.

También podríamos haber dicho "He may call us back". El significado habría sido similar.

  • I might go to the beach with you, but I still have to go shopping. Puede que vaya a la playa contigo, pero todavía tengo que ir de compras.

Para hacer una pregunta (muy) educada:

Por último, al igual que podemos utilizar may en una pregunta educada, también podemos utilizar might en una pregunta para hacer una petición aún más educada.

 Might I ask you a question?

En resumen:

  • Para expresar incertidumbre, may y might tienen el mismo significado.
  • Para hacer una petición cortés o muy cortés: MAY es educado, MIGHT es aún más educado.
  • Para expresar una negativa categórica: podemos utilizar may not.

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  • Conditionals in English - El condicional en Inglés
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  • Pronombres Posesivos en inglés - Possessive Pronouns
  • Adjetivos Posesivos en Inglés - Possessive adjectives
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  • Plural de los sustantivos en inglés
  • Many more, a lot more y Much more. Usos en inglés
  • ¿Qué son los phrasal verbs en inglés? Los más usados
  • Cómo expresar opiniones en inglés
  • Uso de whose en inglés - Pronombres relativos
  • Who, which y that - Pronombres Relativos en inglés
  • Was going to - El futuro en el pasado
  • DO y MAKE en inglés ¿Cuáles son las diferencias?
  • Cuándo usar Since, For, Ago: ¿Cuáles son las diferencias?
  • The Gerund - El gerundio en inglés
  • El Imperativo en Inglés - Imperative
  • El comparativo y el superlativo en inglés
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  • Preguntas con WH-Questions 02 - When, Which, Whose, How
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  • Adjectives - Los Adjetivos en Inglés
  • Uso de some / any acompañando nombres contables/incontables
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  • El tiempo futuro en inglés
  • Present Perfect Progressive - Presente perfecto progresivo
  • Present perfect - El presente perfecto inglés
  • Pretérito progresivo o continuo en inglés
  • Simple past - El pretérito o pasado simple en inglés
  • Presente continuo - Forma Afirmativa - English grammar
  • Presente continuo - Forma Negativa
  • Puntuación en inglés - All about punctuation in English
  • Los verbos Auxiliares en inglés - Auxiliary Verbs
  • Verbos irregulares en inglés, la lista que debes conocer
  • Cómo decir la fecha en inglés - How to say the date in English
  • Construir frases simples - To build a simple sentence
  • Nombres contables e incontables en inglés
  • Presente continuo - Forma Interrogativa
  • Cómo Preguntar y decir el precio en inglés

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lunes, 6 de septiembre de 2021

John Bartine's watch a Story by a physician - Ambrose Bierce

John Bartine's Watch

Recursos Educativos en Inglés - Stories in English

Cuentos clásicos en inglés de miedo, suspense, halloween

John Bartine's watch a Story by a physician - Ambrose Bierce - Horror

'The exact time? Good God! my friend, why do you insist? One would think -- but what does it matter; it is easily bedtime -- isn't that near enough? But, here, if you must set your watch, take mine and see for yourself.'

With that he detached his watch -- a tremendously heavy, old-fashioned one -- from the chain, and handed it to me; then turned away, and walking across the room to a shelf of books, began an examination of their backs. His agitation and evident distress surprised me; they appeared reasonless. Having set my watch by his I stepped over to where he stood and said, 'Thank you.'

As he took his timepiece and reattached it to the guard I observed that his hands were unsteady. With a tact upon which I greatly prided myself, I sauntered carelessly to the sideboard and took some brandy and water; then, begging his pardon for my thoughtlessness, asked him to have some and went back to my seat by the fire, leaving him to help himself, as was our custom. He did so and presently joined me at the hearth, as tranquil as ever.

This odd little incident occurred in my apartment, where John Bartine was passing an evening. We had dined together at the club, had come home in a cab and -- in short, everything had been done in the most prosaic way; and why John Bartine should break in upon the natural and established order of things to make himself spectacular with a display of emotion, apparently for his own entertainment, I could nowise understand. The more I thought of it, while his brilliant conversational gifts were commending themselves to my inattention, the more curious I grew, and of course had no difficulty in persuading myself that my curiosity was friendly solicitude. That is the disguise that curiosity usually assumes to evade resentment. So I ruined one of the finest sentences of his disregarded monologue by cutting it short without ceremony.

'John Bartine,' I said, 'you must try to forgive me if I am wrong, but with the light that I have at present I cannot concede your right to go all to pieces when asked the time o' night. I cannot admit that it is proper to experience a mysterious reluctance to look your own watch in the face and to cherish in my presence, without explanation, painful emotions which are denied to me, and which are none of my business.'
To this ridiculous speech Bartine made no immediate reply, but sat looking gravely into the fire. Fearing that I had offended I was about to apologize and beg him to think no more about the matter, when looking me calmly in the eyes he said:

'My dear fellow, the levity of your manner does not at all disguise the hideous impudence of your demand; but happily I had already decided to tell you what you wish to know, and no manifestation of your unworthiness to hear it shall alter my decision. Be good enough to give me your attention and you shall hear all about the matter.

'This watch,' he said, 'had been in my family for three generations before it fell to me. Its original owner, for whom it was made, was my great-grandfather, Bramwell Olcott Bartine, a wealthy planter of Colonial Virginia, and as staunch a Tory as ever lay awake nights contriving new kinds of maledictions for the head of Mr. Washington, and new methods of aiding and abetting good King George. One day this worthy gentleman had the deep misfortune to perform for his cause a service of capital importance which was not recognized as legitimate by those who suffered its disadvantages. It does not matter what it was, but among its minor consequences was my excellent ancestor's arrest one night in his own house by a party of Mr. Washington's rebels. He was permitted to say farewell to his weeping family, and was then marched away into the darkness which swallowed him up for ever. Not the slenderest clue to his fate was ever found. After the war the most diligent inquiry and the offer of large rewards failed to turn up any of his captors or any fact concerning his disappearance. He had disappeared, and that was all.'

Something in Bartine's manner that was not in his words -- I hardly knew what it was -- prompted me to ask:

'What is your view of the matter -- of the justice of it?'

'My view of it,' he flamed out, bringing his clenched hand down upon the table as if he had been in a public house dicing with blackguards -- 'my view of it is that it was a characteristically dastardly assassination by that damned traitor, Washington, and his ragamuffin rebels!'
For some minutes nothing was said: Bartine was recovering his temper, and I waited. Then I said:

'Was that all?'

'No -- there was something else. A few weeks after my great-grandfather's arrest his watch was found lying on the porch at the front door of his dwelling. It was wrapped in a sheet of letter-paper bearing the name of Rupert Bartine, his only son, my grandfather. I am wearing that watch.'

Bartine paused. His usually restless black eyes were staring fixedly into the grate, a point of red light in each, reflected from the glowing coals. He seemed to have forgotten me. A sudden threshing of the branches of a tree outside one of the windows, and almost at the same instant a rattle of rain against the glass, recalled him to a sense of his surroundings. A storm had risen, heralded by a single gust of wind, and in a few moments the steady plash of the water on the pavement was distinctly heard. I hardly know why I relate this incident; it seemed somehow to have a certain significance and relevancy which I am unable now to discern. It at least added an element of seriousness, almost solemnity. Bartine resumed:

'I have a singular feeling toward this watch -- a kind of affection for it; I like to have it about me, though partly from its weight, and partly for a reason I shall now explain, I seldom carry it. The reason is this: Every evening when I have it with me I feel an unaccountable desire to open and consult it, even if I can think of no reason for wishing to know the time. But if I yield to it, the moment my eyes rest upon the dial I am filled with a mysterious apprehension -- a sense of imminent calamity. And this is the more insupportable the nearer it is to eleven o'clock -- by this watch, no matter what the actual hour may be. After the hands have registered eleven the desire to look is gone; I am entirely indifferent. Then I can consult the thing as often as I like, with no more emotion than you feel in looking at your own. Naturally I have trained myself not to look at that watch in the evening before eleven; nothing could induce me. Your insistence this evening upset me a trifle. I felt very much as I suppose an opium-eater might feel if his yearning for his special and particular kind of hell were reinforced by opportunity and advice.

'Now that is my story, and I have told it in the interest of your trumpery science; but if on any evening hereafter you observe me wearing this damnable watch, and you have the thoughtfulness to ask me the hour, I shall beg leave to put you to the inconvenience of being knocked down.'

His humour did not amuse me. I could see that in relating his delusion he was again somewhat disturbed. His concluding smile was positively ghastly, and his eyes had resumed something more than their old restlessness; they shifted hither and thither about the room with apparent aimlessness and I fancied had taken on a wild expression, such as is sometimes observed in cases of dementia. Perhaps this was my own imagination, but at any rate I was now persuaded that my friend was afflicted with a most singular and interesting monomania. Without, I trust, any abatement of my affectionate solicitude for him as a friend, I began to regard him as a patient, rich in possibilities of profitable study. Why not? Had he not described his delusion in the interest of science? Ah, poor fellow, he was doing more for science than he knew: not only his story but himself was in evidence. I should cure him if I could, of course, but first I should make a little experiment in psychology -- nay, the experiment itself might be a step in his restoration.

'That is very frank and friendly of you, Bartine,' I said cordially, 'and I'm rather proud of your confidence. It is all very odd, certainly. Do you mind showing me the watch?'

He detached it from his waistcoat, chain and all, and passed it to me without a word. The case was of gold, very thick and strong, and singularly engraved. After closely examining the dial and observing that it was nearly twelve o'clock, I opened it at the back and was interested to observe an inner case of ivory, upon which was painted a miniature portrait in that exquisite and delicate manner which was in vogue during the eighteenth century.

'Why, bless my soul!' I exclaimed, feeling a sharp artistic delight -- 'how under the sun did you get that done? I thought miniature painting on ivory was a lost art.'
'That,' he replied, gravely smiling, 'is not I; it is my excellent great-grandfather, the late Bramwell Olcott Bartine, Esquire, of Virginia. He was younger then than later -- about my age, in fact. It is said to resemble me; do you think so?'

'Resemble you? I should say so! Barring the costume, which I supposed you to have assumed out of compliment to the art -- or for vraisemblance, so to say -- and the no moustache, that portrait is you in every feature, line, and expression.'

No more was said at that time. Bartine took a book from the table and began reading. I heard outside the incessant plash of the rain in the street. There were occasional hurried footfalls on the sidewalks; and once a slower, heavier tread seemed to cease at my door -- a policeman, I thought, seeking shelter in the doorway. The boughs of the trees tapped significantly on the window panes, as if asking for admittance. I remember it all through these years and years of a wiser, graver life.

Seeing myself unobserved, I took the old-fashioned key that dangled from the chain and quickly turned back the hands of the watch a full hour; then, closing the case, I handed Bartine his property and saw him replace it on his person.

'I think you said,' I began, with assumed carelessness, 'that after eleven the sight of the dial no longer affects you. As it is now nearly twelve' -- looking at my own timepiece -- 'perhaps, if you don't resent my pursuit of proof, you will look at it now.'

He smiled good-humouredly, pulled out the watch again, opened it, and instantly sprang to his feet with a cry that Heaven has not had the mercy to permit me to forget! His eyes, their blackness strikingly intensified by the pallor of his face, were fixed upon the watch, which he clutched in both hands. For some time he remained in that attitude without uttering another sound; then, in a voice that I should not have recognized as his, he said:
'Damn you! it is two minutes to eleven!'

I was not unprepared for some such outbreak, and without rising replied, calmly enough:

'I beg your pardon; I must have misread your watch in setting my own by it.'

He shut the case with a sharp snap and put the watch in his pocket. He looked at me and made an attempt to smile, but his lower lip quivered and he seemed unable to close his mouth. His hands, also, were shaking, and he thrust them, clenched, into the pockets of his sackcoat. The courageous spirit was manifestly endeavouring to subdue the coward body. The effort was too great; he began to sway from side to side, as from vertigo, and before I could spring from my chair to support him his knees gave way and he pitched awkwardly forward and fell upon his face. I sprang to assist him to rise; but when John Bartine rises we shall all rise.

The post-mortem examination disclosed nothing; every organ was normal and sound. But when the body had been prepared for burial a faint dark circle was seen to have developed around the neck; at least I was so assured by several persons who said they saw it, but of my own knowledge I cannot say if that was true.

Nor can I set limitations to the law of heredity. I do not know that in the spiritual world a sentiment or emotion may not survive the heart that held it, and seek expression in a kindred life, ages removed. Surely, if I were to guess at the fate of Bramwell Olcott Bartine, I should guess that he was hanged at eleven o'clock in the evening, and that he had been allowed several hours in which to prepare for the change.

As to John Bartine, my friend, my patient for five minutes, and -- Heaven forgive me! -- my victim for eternity, there is no more to say. He is buried, and his watch with him -- I saw to that. May God rest his soul in Paradise, and the soul of his Virginian ancestor, if, indeed, they are two souls.

🔆 Otros cuentos:

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The Tell Tale Heart - Edgar Allan Poe - Horror

The Tell Tale Heart

Recursos Educativos en Inglés - Stories in English

Cuentos clásicos en inglés de miedo, suspense, halloween

The Tell Tale Heart - Edgar Allan Poe - Horror

True! - nervous - very, very dreadfully nervous I had been and am; but why will you say that I am mad? The disease had sharpened my senses - not destroyed - not dulled them. Above all was the sense of hearing acute. I heard all things in the heaven and in the earth. I heard many things in hell. How, then, am I mad? Hearken! and observe how healthily - how calmly I can tell you the whole story.

It is impossible to say how first the idea entered my brain; but once conceived, it haunted me day and night. Object there was none. Passion there was none. I loved the old man. He had never wronged me. He had never given me insult. For his gold I had no desire. I think it was his eye! yes, it was this! He had the eye of a vulture - a pale blue eye, with a film over it. Whenever it fell upon me, my blood ran cold; and so by degrees - very gradually - I made up my mind to take the life of the old man, and thus rid myself of the eye forever.

Now this is the point. You fancy me mad. Madmen know nothing. But you should have seen me. You should have seen how wisely I proceeded - with what caution - with what foresight - with what dissimulation I went to work! I was never kinder to the old man than during the whole week before I killed him. And every night, about midnight, I turned the latch of his door and opened it - oh so gently! And then, when I had made an opening sufficient for my head, I put in a dark lantern, all closed, closed, so that no light shone out, and then I thrust in my head. Oh, you would have laughed to see how cunningly I thrust it in! I moved it slowly - very, very slowly, so that I might not disturb the old man's sleep. It took me an hour to place my whole head within the opening so far that I could see him as he lay upon his bed. Ha! - would a madman have been so wise ass this? And then, when my head was well in the room, I undid the lantern cautiously - oh, so cautiously - cautiously (for the hinges creaked) - I undid it just so much that a single thin ray fell upon the vulture eye. And this I did for seven long nights - very night just at midnight - but I found the eye always closed; and so it was impossible to do the work; for it was not the old man who vexed me, but his Evil Eye. And every morning, when the day broke, I went boldly into the chamber, and spike courageously to him, calling him by name in a hearty tone, and inquiring how he had passed the night. So you see he would have been a very profound old man, indeed, to suspect that every night, just at twelve, I looked upon him while he slept.
Upon the eighth night I was more than usually cautious in opening the door. A watch's minute hand moves more quickly than did mine. Never before that night, had I felt the extent of my own powers - of my sagacity. I could scarcely contain my feelings of triumph. To think that there I was, opening the door, little by little, and he not even to dream of my secret deeds or thoughts. I fairly chuckled at the idea; and perhaps he heard me; for he moved on the bed suddenly, as if startled. Now you may think that I drew back - but no. His room was as black as pitch with the thick darkness, (for the shutters were close fastened, through fear of robbers,) and so I knew that he could not see the opening of the door, and I kept pushing it on steadily, steadily.

I had my head in, and was about to open the lantern, when my thumb slipped upon the tin fastening, and the old man sprang up in bed, crying out - 'Who's there?'

I kept quite still and said nothing. For a whole hour I did not move a muscle, and in the meantime I did not hear him lie down. He was still sitting up in the bed listening; - just as I have done, night after night, hearkening to the death watches in the wall.

Presently I heard a slight groan, and I knew it was the groan of mortal terror. It was not a groan of pain or of grief - oh, no! - it was the low stifled sound that arises from the bottom of the soul when overcharged with awe. I knew the sound well. Many a night, just at midnight, when all the world slept, it has welled up from my own bosom, deepening, with its dreadful echo, the terrors that distracted me. I say I knew it well. I knew what the old man felt, and pitied him, although I chuckled at heart. I knew that he had been lying awake ever since the first slight noise, when he had turned in the bed. His fears had been ever since growing upon him. He had been trying to fancy them causeless, but could not. He had been saying to himself - 'It is nothing but the wind in the chimney - it is only a mouse crossing the floor,' or 'it is merely a cricket which has made a single chirp.' Yes, he had been trying to comfort himself with these suppositions: but he had found all in vain. All in vain; because Death, in approaching him had stalked with his black shadow before him, and enveloped the victim. And it was the mournful influence of ht unperceived shadow that caused him to feel - although he neither saw nor heard - to feel the presence of my head within the room.
When I had waited a long time, very patiently, without hearing him lie down, I resolved to open a little - a very, very little crevice in the lantern. So I opened it - you cannot imagine how stealthily, stealthily - until, at length a simple dim ray, like the thread of the spider, shot from out the crevice and fell full upon the vulture eye.

It was open - wide, wide open - and I grew furious as I gazed upon it. I saw it with perfect distinctness - all a dull blue, with a hideous veil over it that chilled the very marrow in my bones; but I could see nothing else of the old man's face or person: for I had directed the ray as if by instinct, precisely upon the damned spot.

And have I not told you that what you mistake for madness is but over acuteness of the senses? - now, I say, there came to my ears a low, dull, quick sound, such as a watch makes when enveloped in cotton. I knew that sound well, too. It was the beating of the old man's heart. It increased my fury, as the beating of a drum stimulates the soldier into courage.

But even yet I refrained and kept still. I scarcely breathed. I held the lantern motionless. I tried how steadily I could maintain the ray upon the eye. Meantime the hellish tattoo of the heart increased. It grew quicker and quicker, and louder and louder every instant. The old man's terror must have been extreme! It grew louder, I say, louder every moment! - do you mark me well? I have told you that I am nervous: so I am. And now at the dead hour of the night, amid the dreadful silence of that old house, so strange a noise as this excited me to uncontrollable terror. Yet, for some minutes longer I refrained and stood still. But the beating grew louder, louder! I thought the heart must burst. And now a new anxiety seized me - the sound would be heard by a neighbour! The old man's hour had come! With a loud yell, I threw open the lantern and leaped into the room. He shrieked once - once only. In an instant I dragged him to the floor, and pulled the heavy bed over him. I then smiled gaily, to find the deed so far done. But, for many minutes, the heart beat on with a muffled sound. This, however, did not vex me; it would not be heard through the wall. At length it ceased. The old man was dead. I removed the bed and examined the corpse. Yes, he was stone, stone dead. I placed my hand upon the heart and held it there many minutes. There was no pulsation. He was stone dead. His eye would trouble me no more.
If still you think me mad, you will think so no longer when I describe the wise precautions I took for the concealment of the body. The night waned; and I worked hastily, but in silence. First of all I dismembered the corpse. I cut off the head and the arms and the legs.

Then took up three planks from the flooring of the chamber, and deposited all between the scantlings. I then replaced the boards so cleverly, so cunningly, that no human eye - not even his - could have detected any thing wrong. there was nothing to wash out - no stain of any kind - no blood-spot whatever. I had been too wary for that. A tub had caught all - ha! ha!

When I had made an end of these labours, it was four o'clock - still dark as midnight. A the bell sounded the hour, there came a knocking at the street door. I went down to open it with a light heart, - for what had I now to fear? There entered three men, who introduced themselves, with perfect suavity, as officers of the police. A shriek had been heard by a neighbour during the night; suspicion of foul play had been aroused; information had been lodged at the police office, and they (the officers) had been deputed to search the premises.

I smiled, - for what had I to fear? I bade the gentlemen welcome. The shriek, I said, was my own in a dream. The old man, I mentioned, was absent in the country. I took my visitors all over the house. I bade them search - search well. I led them, at length, to his chamber. I showed them his treasures, secure, undisturbed. In the enthusiasm of my confidence, I brought chairs into the room, and desired them here to rest from their fatigues, while I myself, in the wild audacity of my perfect triumph, placed my own seat upon the very spot beneath which reposed the corpse of the victim.

The officers were satisfied. My manner had convinced them. I was singularly at ease. They say, and while I answered cheerily, they chatted of familiar things. But, ere long, I felt myself getting pale and wished them gone. My head ached, and I fancied a ringing in my ears: but still they sat and still chatted. The ringing became more distinct: - it continued and became more distinct: I talked more freely to get rid of the feeling: but it continued and gained definiteness - until, at length, I found that the noise was not within my ears.
No doubt I now grew very pale; - but I talked more fluently, and with a heightened voice. Yet the sound increased - and what could I do? I was a low, dull, quick sound - much such a sound as a watch makes when enveloped in cotton. I gasped for breath - and yet the officers heard it not. I talked more quickly - more vehemently; but the noise steadily increased. I arose and argued about trifles, in a high key and with violent gesticulations; but the noise steadily increased. Why would they not be gone? I paced the floor to and fro with heavy strides, as if excited to fury by the observations of the men - but the noise steadily increased. Oh God! what could I do? I foamed - I raved - I swore! I swung the chair upon which I had been sitting, and grated it upon the boards, but the noise arose over all and continually increased. It grew louder - louder - louder! And still the men chatted pleasantly, and smiled. Was it possible they heard not? Almighty God! - no, no! They heard! - they suspected! - they knew! - they were making a mockery of my horror! - this I thought, and this I think. But anything was better than this agony! Anything was more tolerable than this derision! I could bear those hypocritical smiles no longer! I felt that I must scream or die! and now - again! - hark! louder! louder! louder! louder!

'Villains!' I shrieked, 'dissemble no more! I admit the deed! - tear up the planks! here, here! - it is the beating of his hideous heart!'

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domingo, 5 de septiembre de 2021

Cuándo usar Since, For, Ago: ¿Cuáles son las diferencias?

Since, For, Ago: ¿Cuáles son las diferencias?

¿Has confundido alguna vez For y Since, y no has sabido utilizar Ago? Aquí tienes una pequeña explicación para mostrarte las diferencias y ayudarte a ver las cosas más claras.

For y Since

For y Since se traducen ambos como desde. Casi siempre se utilizan con el presente perfecto (o el presente perfecto progresivo).

I haven’t called her for 5 weeks. - No la he llamado desde hace 5 semanas.

I haven’t called her since last may. - No la he llamado desde el pasado mes de mayo.

Después de For ⇒ pon una duración.
Después de Since ⇒ se pone un punto de partida, o una fecha concreta.
Esta es la principal diferencia que hay que recordar entre estas dos palabras.

Ejemplos:

For 25 years
For 7 months
For five hours
For a long time

Since her birthday
Since 2010
Since last year
Since yesterday

Recuerda:

For + duration
Since + punto de partida

Nota: Tiene sentido utilizar el presente perfecto (o el presente perfecto progresivo), en lugar de otro tiempo. En efecto, se utiliza cuando se habla de una acción pasada que está vinculada al presente. Cuando se utiliza la palabra "desde", se suele hablar de algo que sigue vigente.

Ago

Si quieres hablar de una acción pasada, en el pasado, debes decir "hace" en su lugar:

"Conocí a Pablo hace cinco años". Se trata de un suceso concreto que ocurrió hace cinco años.

Así que usamos AGO en inglés:

I met Pablo 5 years ago.

Ago se utiliza siempre junto a un marcador de tiempo. Significa "hace" y se coloca después del marcador de tiempo.

I sent you an email five weeks ago. - Te envié un correo electrónico hace cinco semanas.
I was a police ages ago. - Fui policía hace años.
I finished this film three hours ago! - ¡He terminado esta película hace tres horas!

Ago se utiliza siempre en pretérito.

*** Para los ejercicios de inglés que te piden que elijas entre pretérito y presente perfecto, ya sabes que si ves for o since, debes elegir presente perfecto, y si ves ago, debes poner pretérito.

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The Gerund - El gerundio en inglés

The Gerund - El gerundio en inglés

Uso del gerundio en Inglés

En inglés, seguramente habrás notado que a menudo vemos palabras que terminan en ~ING. Ejemplo: walking, eating, etc.

De hecho, hay varias formas de utilizar esta construcción. Por ejemplo, con la formación de tiempos continuos (o progresivos) en to be + verbo en ing.

Con el gerundio, también se utiliza la forma verbo + ing.

Dicho esto, en una conversación, no te servirá de mucho saber que es un gerundio. En cambio, hay que entender y saber qué palabras utilizar. Así que recuerda el significado y el uso de las palabras en ING que se explican a continuación. Esto es más importante que saberse la gramática de memoria y la definición exacta del gerundio inglés.

¿Qué es el gerundio?

Para resumir de forma sencilla qué es el gerundio, diría que es:

La realización de una actividad.

Corresponde a una actividad ya en curso, ya realizada (según el contexto).

Por ejemplo, si digo:

I enjoyed reading this book. Me gustó (leer) este libro. Aquí reading, el gerundio, corresponde al hecho de leer el libro.

Así que vemos que esta palabra en ING no es realmente un verbo, y no es realmente un sustantivo. Decimos que el gerundio es un sustantivo verbal. Tiene tanto las características de un sustantivo como las de un verbo.

Por ejemplo:

Shopping: el acto de comprar, la acción, pero también el sustantivo: Shopping / comprar.

El gerundio puede ser tanto el sujeto de un verbo como el complemento de un verbo.

Ejemplo:

Jugar al baloncesto es genial. (sujeto= playing basketball)
o

Me encanta jugar al baloncesto. (complemento = playing basketball).

¿Cuándo utilizar el gerundio en inglés?

⇒ Después de los verbos que expresan una opinión o una preferencia: love, like...

Ejemplo:

I love waking up early. - Me encanta despertarme temprano.

⇒ Después de todas las preposiciones (excepto but y except)

Ejemplo:

I am fond of reading.

⇒ Después de verbos como:

Admit, appreciate, complete, consider, defend, delay, deny, despise, discuss, dislike, don’t mind, enjoy, imagine, can’t help, can’t see, keep, mention, miss, postpone, practice, recall, recollect, recommend, report, resent, resist, risk, suggest, tolerate, understand.

Ejemplos:

She enjoys watching films.

I can’t help thinking about the boat trip.

Would you consider leaving this house?

(Recuerda: el gerundio tiene las características de un sustantivo y de un verbo).

Algunos verbos pueden ir seguidos tanto del infinitivo como del gerundio. Otros sólo pueden ir seguidos del infinitivo.

En resumen

  • El gerundio en inglés se construye con la forma de verbo + ing. (Pero no todos los verbos en ing son necesariamente gerundios).
  • Un gerundio puede ser el sujeto o el complemento de una frase.
  • Un gerundio es a menudo "hacer una actividad", una actividad ya en curso, o a veces ya hecha.
  • Se utiliza a menudo después de verbos que expresan una opinión o preferencia.

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