Día de la Familia - Family's Day - Fechas Especiales

Día de la Familia - Family's Day - Celebraciones - Celebrations

The family is an asylum and a shelter, a little nest where one feels safe, protected and loved.

When is World Family Day celebrated?

The International Day of Families 15 May is an opportunity to raise awareness of the problems faced by families and to stimulate appropriate initiatives.

It could become a powerful mobilising factor in all countries seeking to address the problems faced by families in every society.

The International Day of Families is also an opportunity to highlight the solidarity that unites families in their search for a better quality of life.

International Day of Families

In 1993, the United Nations issued a resolution demonstrating the organisation's determination to promote the improvement of the standard of living and social progress of families throughout the world. In 1994, the United Nations officially announced the International Day of Families in response to changing economic and social structures that affect the stability and structure of family units in different parts of the world. The International Day of Families is celebrated mainly because families are the main part of any society.

Why is the World Day of Families celebrated?

This day is celebrated with a dual purpose: to raise awareness of the importance of families and the various aspects that negatively affect this unit. It recognises the power and capabilities of what is the basic unit of society in many parts of the world. The day is used each year as a launching pad to highlight the problems that families face and the appropriate actions that individuals, communities and governments can take to address these problems. The day is also used to show how the strengthened family unit can ultimately contribute to stronger societies and nations.

Recursos y materiales gratis en inglés, para el día de la familia y la unidad didáctica la familia.

Family - Nursery Rhymes | Popular Kids Songs

How can you celebrate Family Day?

It is a great day to spend time with your family. You can organise activities for your family such as board games, singing competitions, etc. Make it a day to bond with your family.

You can ask different family members to talk about issues they may be facing. Make sure the conversation takes place in a safe place and let everyone know that they will not be reprimanded for their opinions.

Use this opportunity to create the channels of support that the family may need, for example, a child may be under a lot of stress from accumulated school work and may need more support from the family. Let the family come together and create solutions as a family.

You can use this day as a great excuse to create memories. Plan to take a photo with family members.
You can be as creative as you like with props or even be somewhere meaningful to your family.

You can also celebrate the day with people who are part of your community and daily life by having a street party with other families in your area. This is a great way to connect with your community.

Use this day as an opportunity to educate your family about community service. You can participate in community outreach programmes and help other poor families on this day.

If you are away from your family, contact friends who may be in a similar situation. It is important to create a community that supports you and shares your joys. Don't underestimate the strength of your family's composition, whose bonds depend on trust and love.

Families are one of the most important aspects of any society. Therefore, children are taught how to interact and integrate with other members of society. Elders are also cared for by their families. It is important to take time to look after family ties and to solve the problems faced by families. If the family unit is happy and healthy, it is certain that family members will become healthy and useful members of society.

How is the World Day of Families celebrated around the world?

The International Day of Families is celebrated in different ways around the world. In some communities, government representatives organise discussions and speeches on the different challenges facing families. Some countries plan their activities and hold events based on the specific theme set by the United Nations. People also choose to celebrate the day by spending time with their families. Although it is an important day for governments around the world, it is not a public holiday.

World Family Day is celebrated with many organisations and businesses also taking part in the celebrations. The aims of the celebration are to celebrate the bonds within the family and to raise awareness of the issues facing families. Companies organise events for their employees and their families. This allows family members to understand the company culture and to connect with others in the company. Events include games, music and dance performances.

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Compassion: A response to the suffering of others

Compassion is an emotion that helps us to better understand and live with others. However, we must be careful of the pitfalls of compassion.

What is compassion?

Compassion comes from the Latin cum patior, which means "to suffer with".

Compassion is caring about someone who is suffering, without trying to feel what they are feeling themselves, which is what empathy is. Compassion is the emotion we can hold in front of the misery of others. It implies a feeling of benevolence with a willingness to help the person who is suffering.

To be able to be compassionate, we need to be empathetic. We imagine what the sufferer is going through, and that is why we are touched by that suffering.

It is possible to train for compassion, to cultivate it. Neuroscience research has shown that the plasticity of the brain is such that after a certain 3 months of compassion training the grey matter of the social-emotional brain has increased.

The benefits of compassion

Compassion is a moral feeling. It helps us to understand others better and to make them happier.

Compassion also has physical benefits for the person who feels it: studies have shown that people who show compassion have an increased level of endorphins, hormones of well-being and happiness. So being compassionate would make you happier! Other studies have concluded that compassion makes it possible to produce 100% more DHEA, a hormone that counteracts the effects of ageing.

The dangers of compassion

Compassion is essential to life in society but it can also be dangerous. Being too compassionate can prevent us from thinking about ourselves. Furthermore, compassion is manipulable and can be used by those who have things to sell or ideas to put across. Excessive compassion is also a pitfall of compassion. It is the prerogative of people who do not care about the other person's feelings. Rather than imagining what is right for them, they focus on what feels right for themselves.

Compassion can also make people sick. For example, people who are confronted with the suffering of others on a daily basis, such as health professionals or therapists, can suffer from compassion fatigue. Constant contact with the suffering of others leads to a kind of burn-out. Those who suffer from it show various symptoms: feelings of powerlessness, lack of energy, anger, depression, etc.

Compassion: the right balance

Too little compassion is bad. It constitutes a loss of humanity. Too much compassion can also be harmful. So we need to find the right balance.

Caring about how others feel is important. True compassion is about sharing what the other person is feeling, not necessarily about acting. It is just opening up to the feelings that we most often experience spontaneously in the face of another's distress. We are not necessarily able to respond to this suffering.

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Non-verbal communication: decoding body language

What is non-verbal communication?

Non-verbal communication includes many communicative processes such as outward appearance, spatial relationship behaviours (approaching, distancing), body movements (nodding, eyebrow raising, shoulder shrugging), facial expressions, gazes or vocal intonations.

Although little known, non-verbal phenomena are very important in human communication and are used in several fields such as oratory and dramatic arts, the sign language of certain communities (deaf people, monks)...

This type of communication reinforces and gives credibility to verbal communication when it is adapted, but can discredit it when it is not. According to the American researcher Mehrabian, 7% of communication is verbal, 38% of communication is vocal and 55% of communication is neither verbal nor vocal. It is our nature to quickly judge others by their attitude, their beauty, their intelligence, their movements. Animals give us an example of non-verbal communication: they communicate with each other through specific systems comprising signals of various kinds: sound, gestures, mimics, postures, chemicals, heat, touch, electricity, etc.

There are several disciplines interested in non-verbal communication, including biology, neuroscience, sociology and psychology.

Classification of non-verbal signs

Several classifications of non-verbal signs have been developed in the literature. Marino Bonaiuto's classification from 2007 arranges them on a scale from top to bottom, from the most obvious to the least obvious signs.

• External appearance: physical training, figure, choice of clothing.
• Spatial behaviour: interpersonal distance, body contact, orientation in space, perfume.
• Kinetic behaviour: trunk and leg movements, hand gestures, head movements.
• The face: gaze and eye contact, facial expression.
• Vocal signs: verbal vocal signs with paraverbal meaning, non-verbal vocal signs, silences. Among the latter, Trager distinguishes between voice quality (tone, resonance and articulation control) and vocalisations (crying, sighing, laughing, voice timbre, intensity, extension, vocal segregations such as "hum").

Designating and illustrating speech

Certain gestures are made to accompany the statement.

• Designating gestures. These are the pointing gestures we make when we want to show something.
• Illustrative gestures. These are the gestures that mimic the action or show certain characteristics of the object we are talking about. These gestures abound especially in descriptions of objects and in stories.

Thus, when a person present in the discussion is mentioned, he or she is almost always pointed to (by digital pointing, nodding or at least looking), when "my heart was beating very fast" is said, the hand is placed on the heart or a heartbeat is mimed, and the "my" in "if you want my opinion" will almost always be accompanied by a self-centred gesture.

All these signs can form a system complex enough to build languages with a repertoire and syntax, such as the language of the deaf.

Dialogue coordination gestures

In dialogue, certain gestures do not serve to sustain the dialogue but to coordinate it, to ensure that the statements are received, understood and interpreted. In order to mutualise the exchange, there is a device for interaction, sharing and maintenance of speech, consisting of various gestures such as head nods, gaze shifts, throat clears, preparatory breaths, hand gestures, changes of posture.

When we speak, we need to make sure that we are heard, listened to, understood and know what the other person thinks of what we say. To do this, we must catch the receiver's gaze, and look for retroactive cues in the form of voco-verbal and kinesic emissions (mimics of doubt or perplexity, nods, head movements, smiles, etc.). When these non-verbal cues are not enough, the sender can use verbal communication to clarify the interaction: "do you understand what I mean?

Communicating emotions

There are also gestures that belong to "affective communication", which itself has two aspects: emotional and emotive.

Emotional communication corresponds to the spontaneous manifestations of the interlocutors' inner states, such as trembling, paleness, sweating, crying, laughing, surprise, annoyance, etc.
Emotional communication is the result of "affective work", according to Hochschild, which "allows for the controlled staging of real or even potential or not really experienced affects". We can make the other person believe that we are sad through our attitudes when in reality we are not affected.

In everyday life, emotional communication is more important than emotional communication. In an interaction situation, speakers will therefore, according to the rules of affective framing, manage their own feelings, manage the expression of these real or displayed feelings, and try to perceive the analogous movements in progress in their partner.

Contextual elements of communication

There are certain non-verbal elements that create a contextual climate and are part of verbal communication. Some of these elements remain permanent during the encounter, such as clothing, age, gender, beauty. Others reflect an accommodation of the situation, such as the techniques for making contact and opening up the interaction with various modes of verbal address, gestural exchanges, mimics and tactile gestures: kisses, handshakes, hugs, depending on the category of partners and the reciprocal status. The gaze can also express the intimacy of the relationship, as well as the hold, dominance and reciprocity.
For example, the smaller the interpersonal distance, the less eye contact and the less direct the body orientation.

Observation of non-verbal communication

To study non-verbal communication, carefully observe people communicating. Observe how they behave towards each other, both to communicate and to 'keep their distance'. Observe rituals, strategies for occupying space, postures, choice of seats, non-verbal language without paying attention to what is being said.

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Chinatown, London. Information about London

Chinatonw, as its name suggests, is London's Chinatown. It is part of the Soho district, which in turn belongs to Westminster and part of the West End. It is a very touristic area, mainly because of its restaurants, supermarkets and shops.

The origins of this interesting neighbourhood date back to the 18th century when the Chinese settled in London after working on ships of the East India Company. Initially a small community settled around Limehouse Docks, but when these were destroyed by bombing during the Second World War they moved to their current location in Soho, attracted by the low rents.

The big push for Chinatown came from British soldiers from the Far East, who took a liking to Asian food and saw the area as an ideal place to satisfy their appetite for the new flavours they found during their campaigns in Asia.

This prompted the opening of restaurants and shops specialising in Chinese products, giving it the final push to become one of London's most exotic neighbourhoods.

Today, Chinatown has become a tourist attraction thanks to the pedestrianisation of many of its streets and Chinese-style street furniture, such as the pagoda-like telephone booths.

Don't miss the opportunity to get to know this neighbourhood and frequent some of its inexpensive oriental restaurants. If your trip coincides with the end of January, don't miss the Chinese New Year celebrations, with traditional dances and dragon parades.

Location: In the Soho district.

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Construir frases simples - To build a simple sentence

Reglas básicas para dominar fácilmente la gramática inglesa

Para hablar un idioma, se necesita saber cómo hacer una simple frase. En la construcción de frases, cambia si es la forma afirmativa, negativa o interrogativa. Así que vamos a ver esto en orden. Si ya lo dominas, puedes saltarte la parte de la forma afirmativa e ir directamente a las formas interrogativa y negativa. Es importante leer los dos últimos puntos, porque se trata de auxiliares, que se utilizan TODO el tiempo en inglés.

Forma afirmativa - La estructura de las oraciones en inglés es:

Sujeto - verbo - complemento

Ejemplo: I have lost my glasses = He perdido mis gafas

Así que obviamente no siempre es tan simple, pero digamos que es verdad en el 80% de los casos. ¡Lo que ya es importante para hablar inglés!

Forma interrogativa - ¿Cómo hacer una pregunta en inglés?

Utilizamos un auxiliar y lo colocamos antes del sujeto:

Auxiliar + Sujeto + Verbo

Por ejemplo: Do you like this sandwich? - ¿Te gusta este sándwich?

Do = auxiliar; You = sujeto; like = verbo. (y este sándwich = complemento)

La dificultad estriba en saber qué auxiliar utilizar para formular la pregunta, pero por lo demás, es sencillo. El auxiliar más común es Do, como en este ejemplo, pero hay otros (Have, Be, o modales, que actúan como auxiliares)

Cómo formar una frase negativa en inglés

Es muy simple: tienes que añadir "no" después del verbo.

Ejemplo: I am a teacher -> I am not a teacher

A menudo, el "no" que indica negación cambia un poco:

Cuando el verbo se contrae, el "no" se pega a ciertos verbos y pierde su "o":

• He is not -> he isn’t
• We have not -> we don’t have
• I do not -> I don’t

"no" no puede pegarse a todos los verbos, hay que añadir lo que se llama un auxiliar como DO o DID.

He drives too fast - Conduce demasiado rápido.

Se convierte en: He does not drive too fast - No conduce demasiado rápido.

You walked slowly - Caminaste lentamente.

Se convierte en: You did not walk slowly.

Lo que cambia en inglés es el lugar de otras palabras en la frase como adverbios, indicaciones de tiempo o lugar.

Ejemplo: Yesterday I wrote a letter = ayer escribí una carta

En esta frase, " Yesterday" indica cuándo tuvo lugar el evento, se coloca al principio de la frase en inglés.

He often wakes up early in the morning = Se despierta a menudo temprano en la mañana

"often" se coloca justo después del sujeto.

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 The basic rules for mastering English grammar easily

To build a simple sentence

To speak a language, you already need to know how to make a simple sentence.

Structure of sentences in English:

Subject - verb - complement

Example: I have lost my glasses

So obviously it's not always that simple, but let's say it's true in 80% of cases. Which is already huge for speaking English!

To form a negative sentence

It's quite simple: you have to add "not" after the verb.

Example: I am a teacher -> I am not a teacher

Often, the "not" that indicates negation changes a little:

when the verb is contracted, "not" sticks to certain verbs and loses its "o":

He is not -> he isn't

We have not -> we don't have

I do not -> I don't

"not" cannot stick to all verbs, you have to add what is called an auxiliary such as DO or DID

He drives too fast

becomes: He does not drive too fast

You walked slowly

becomes: You did not walk slowly

What changes in English is the place of other words in the sentence such as adverbs, time or place indications.

Example: Yesterday I wrote a letter

In this sentence "yesterday" indicates when the event took place, it is placed at the beginning of the sentence in English.

He often wakes up early in the morning.

"often" is placed just after the subject.

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• Cómo preguntar y expresar la posesión en inglés
• Cómo usar May y might - Verbos modales
• Conditionals in English - El condicional en Inglés
• Adjetivos y pronombres demostrativos en Inglés
• Pronombres Posesivos en inglés - Possessive Pronouns
• Adjetivos Posesivos en Inglés - Possessive adjectives
• ¿Cómo aprender inglés fácil y desde casa?
• Plural de los sustantivos en inglés
• Many more, a lot more y Much more. Usos en inglés
• ¿Qué son los phrasal verbs en inglés? Los más usados
• Cómo expresar opiniones en inglés
• Uso de whose en inglés - Pronombres relativos
• Who, which y that - Pronombres Relativos en inglés
• Was going to - El futuro en el pasado
• DO y MAKE en inglés ¿Cuáles son las diferencias?
• Cuándo usar Since, For, Ago: ¿Cuáles son las diferencias?
• The Gerund - El gerundio en inglés
• El Imperativo en Inglés - Imperative
• El comparativo y el superlativo en inglés
• Preguntas con WH-Questions 01 - What, where, why, who
• Preguntas con WH-Questions 02 - When, Which, Whose, How
• Cómo expresar cantidades en inglés
• Adjectives - Los Adjetivos en Inglés
• Uso de some / any acompañando nombres contables/incontables
• Modal verbs - Verbos modales en inglés
• El tiempo futuro en inglés
• Present Perfect Progressive - Presente perfecto progresivo
• Present perfect - El presente perfecto inglés
• Pretérito progresivo o continuo en inglés
• Simple past - El pretérito o pasado simple en inglés
• Presente continuo - Forma Afirmativa - English grammar
• Presente continuo - Forma Negativa
• Puntuación en inglés - All about punctuation in English
• Los verbos Auxiliares en inglés - Auxiliary Verbs
• Verbos irregulares en inglés, la lista que debes conocer
• Cómo decir la fecha en inglés - How to say the date in English
• Construir frases simples - To build a simple sentence
• Nombres contables e incontables en inglés
• Presente continuo - Forma Interrogativa
• Cómo Preguntar y decir el precio en inglés

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Routine and spare time - Gramática y léxico

Iniciación al inglés – Repaso de conceptos para conversaciones básicas

Formación del plural

Las palabras terminadas en -o precedida de consonante, añaden -es.
Ej.: potato - potatoes; tomato - tomatoes
Pero, algunas palabras de origen extranjero, como: Radio, piano, photo… añaden -s

Artículos

Omisión del articulo determinado:

a) con las comidas que se toman habitualmente durante el día, si se habla de ellas sin
especificar:

Ej.: el desayuno:  breakfast
el almuerzo: lunch
la cena: supper

b) con palabras como "school", "work", "home", cuando las consideramos como lugares a
los que vamos normalmente a estudiar, a trabajar, a descansar.

Ej.: Voy al trabajo temprano - I go to work early
Los niños van a la escuela en autobús - The children go to school by bus.
Me voy a casa - I'm going home.

Más nombres compuestos

Son muy corrientes en inglés y pueden formarse con distintos elementos.

Entre ellos:

a) dos nombres:

Ej.: postcard, bedroom, telephone number

b) forma -ing + nombre: living room, dining room.

Pueden escribirse de diferentes maneras: juntos, separados por un guión, o en dos palabras. No hay regla fija.

Recuerda esto:

- vayan juntos o separados, sólo se pone en plural el segundo (el primero llega a convertirse en un adjetivo).

- a veces se unen de tal manera que pierden su significado como palabras aisladas y forman una nueva.

Ej.: bed – cama / room – habitación = bedroom – dormitorio

living - vivir, viviendo / room – habitación = living room - cuarto /sala de estar

Adjetivos y adverbios

LITTLE significa "poco" o "pequeño" (en tamaño, estatura o cantidad). Si va acompañado del artículo, A LITTLE, se traduce por "un poco".

EVERY, generalmente va acompañado de nombres en singular, pero tiene sentido plural.

Ej.: every day = todos los días; every Monday = todos los lunes.

BEFORE y AFTER. El primero significa ANTES / DELANTE DE, y el segundo, DESPUES DE. No llevan preposición, aunque vayan seguidos de otra palabra.

HERE y THERE = aquí; allí / allá.

ABOVE = arriba (adverbio); también se usa como adjetivo:

At the above address = En la dirección (escrita) arriba.

Pronombres

Los pronombres personales complemento van siempre después del verbo o de una preposición. NO los confundas con los sujetos.

Sujeto

• I - yo
• You - tú/ usted
• He - él
• She - ella
• It - (Cosa o animal)
• We - nosotros-as
• You - vosotros-as/Vds.
• they - ellos-as

Complemento

• Me = me, a mí
• You = te, a ti/le, a usted
• Him = le, lo, a él
• Her = le, la, a ella
• It = le, la, lo (a Cosa 0 animal))
• Us = nos, a nosotros-as
• You = os, a vosotros-as / a ustedes
• Them = les, los, las/ a ellos-as

(no suelen Omitirse en inglés)

Ej. La amo (a ella) = I love her.

(Tú) lo escuchas (a él)/Lo estás escuchando = You're listening to him.

Preposiciones in, on, at

• IN - Con partes del día, estaciones, meses y años.

Ej.: in the morning / afternoon/ evening = por la mañana /tarde / noche

In spring = en primavera.

• ON - Con los días de la semana.

Ej.: on Monday = el lunes; on Wednesdays = los miércoles.

• AT - Con la hora y el fin de semana.

(At) what time does John go home? ¿A qué hora va John a casa?

At seven = a las siete. (En las preguntas, generalmente se omite).

What do you do at the weekends? ¿Qué haces los fines de semana?

WH - Questions

Se llaman así porque la mayoría empieza por "wh-": what, where, when... (también está "how") y dan la clave de la información que se pide en las preguntas abiertas: qué, dónde, cuándo, cómo...

WHO = quién, quiénes. Como sujeto se diferencia de los anteriores en que el verbo que lo acompaña va en forma afirmativa, no lleva auxiliar, aunque se trate de una pregunta.

Ej: Who wants to go to the cinema? ¿Quién quiere ir al cine?

Verbos

En inglés se usa el presente continuo para indicar que una acción se está desarrollando en el momento en que se habla. Cuando queremos expresar acciones habituales o repetidas con cierta regularidad, se usa el presente simple.

Presente simple.

• Frases afirmativas:

Sujeto + verbo + complementos (si los hay).

-¡Atención a la tercera persona del singular (he, she, it): el verbo termina en -s (-es)!

• Frases negativas:

Sujeto + auxiliar negativo DON'T (DO NOT) + verbo...

-¡Atención a la tercera persona del singular!:

Sujeto + auxiliar negativo DOESN'T (DOES NOT) + verbo...

• Frases interrogativas:

Auxiliar DO + sujeto + verbo + ...?

Tercera persona singular: Auxiliar DOES + sujeto + verbo + ...?

¡Cuidado! En las preguntas y negaciones de la tercera persona del singular, el verbo pierde la -s (-es), que pasa al auxiliar: DO(ES) -DO(ES)N'T.

• DO y DOES son también las dos formas que tiene el presente del verbo TO DO = hacer, en las frases afirmativas. Como auxiliar, su traducción es "NO".

Ej.: He does his homework in the evenings = El hace sus deberes por las noches.
(verbo to do)

I don't do them in the evenings = (Yo) no los hago por las noches.
(auxiliar) (verbo)

La -s (-es) de la tercera persona sigue las mismas reglas de la formación del plural.

RECUERDA:

• Regla general: -s
• verbos terminados en s, ss, sh, ch, ... : -es
• verbos terminados en o: -es
• verbos terminados en consonante + y, pierden la "y" y añaden -ies.

El verbo To Like

El presente de este verbo puede servirnos de ejemplo para la formación del presente simple, en general. Sólo has de tener en cuenta dos cosas:

1) La tercera persona del singular de algunos verbos se forma con -es

2) la traducción de "to like" es un poco complicada.

PRESENTE SIMPLE

Forma afirmativa

• l like = me gusta
• You like  = te gusta, le gusta (a Vd)
• He likes  = le gusta (a él)
• She likes = le gusta (a ella)
• Itlikes  = le gusta (al gato)
• Welike  = nos gusta
• You like  = os gusta, les gusta(a Vds)
• They like = les gusta (a ellos-as)

Forma negativa

• I don't like
• You don't like
• He doesn't like
• She doesn't like
• It doesn't like
• We don't like
• You don't like
• They don't like

Forma interrogativa

• Do (I) like ...?
• Do you like...?
• Does he like...?
• Does she like...?
• Does it like ...?
• Do we like ...?
• Do you like ...?
• Do they like ...?

El verbo TO LIKE significa GUSTARLE (a uno).

Posibilidades:

a) Me gusta "algo". En este caso, el verbo va seguido del nombre de la cosa (o animal). Cuando hablamos en general, este nombre no lleva artículo, tanto si va en singular como si va en plural. Si no se menciona el nombre, usamos el pronombre personal complemento.

Ejemplos: A Katie le gustan los gatos = Katie likes cats.

Me gusta la cerámica = I like pottery.

¿Te gusta (una cosa)? = Do you like It?

b) Me gusta "alguien". El verbo en este caso va seguido del nombre de la persona o del

pronombre correspondiente.

Ej.: A John le gusta Louise = John likes Louise.

A Louise le gusta él = Louise likes him.

c) Me gusta "hacer algo” Cuando hablamos de lo que nos gusta hacer normalmente, esta acción va en gerundio (lleva la terminación -Ing).

Ej.: Me fusta nadar = I like swimming.

A ellos no les gusta jugar al fútbol = They don't like playing football.

Esto es aplicable a verbos como: TO HATE = odiar; TO LOVE = amar (encantarle a uno); TO PREFER = preferir.

Verbo TO HAVE

Este verbo no tiene nada que ver con TO HAVE GOT = tener. Significa comer, beber, tomar o recibir, según el contexto.

Presente simple:

Tiene dos formas:

1. HAVE, para todas las personas, excepto la tercera del singular.
2. HAS, para la tercera persona del singular (en afirmaciones).

En las preguntas y negaciones funciona como el verbo TO LIKE, o sea, necesita el auxiliar DO / DOES.

La respuesta breve

Se forma con YES o NO, el sujeto (siempre en forma de pronombre) y el auxiliar DO o DOES.

Ej.: Do you like dogs? Yes, I do / No, I don't.

Does Katie have coffee for breakfast? Yes, she does / No, she doesn't.

CAN

Es el presente de otro verbo "especial". Significa: saber (hacer algo), tener destreza o habilidad. Tiene una sola forma -can- y acompaña siempre, como auxiliar, a verbos de acción (en infinitivo, sin TO).

Ej.: Sé leer inglés = I can read English.

No sabe cocinar (él) = He can't (cannot) cook.

¿Sabes nadar? = Can you swim?

Observa que sigue la regla de los verbos especiales: forma las negaciones con NOT - CANT- (cannot es menos corriente) y las preguntas invirtiendo el orden:

1) auxiliar CAN; 2) sujeto; 3) verbo principal ...?

La respuesta breve:

• Afirmaciones: Yes + sujeto (pronombre) + can.
• Negaciones: No + sujeto (pronombre) + can't,

Ej.: Can you speak German? Yes, I can / No, I can't.

Can your sister ski? Yes, she can / No, she can't.”.

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Expresarte cortésmente - Usos del lenguaje

Iniciación al inglés – Repaso de conceptos para conversaciones básicas

1. Read

Conversación entre tres personas y un camarero en un restaurante.

A: Excuse me waiter.

B: Can I help you?

A: Yes, please. What can we have for dinner?

B: You can have some nice meat, vegetables and potatoes.

A: Is there any fish?

B: I'm afraid we haven't, sorry, sir.

A: Can you bring us two salads and some meat and vegetables?

B: Certainly, sir.

C: Eddie, pass me the butter, please.

A: Pardon?

C: The butter, please.

A: Here you are

C: Thank you very much. Look! Here's the waiter with our dinner.

• waiter = camarero.
• pass = pasar, dar.
• here you are = aquí tienes.

Gramática - Fórmulas de cortesía

En términos generales, los británicos otorgan una gran importancia a la cortesía, por lo que no solo prestan atención al idioma utilizado, sino que también prestan atención al tono que se les da. Sin embargo, no olvides que todo depende del contexto y de cuánto confiamos en el interlocutor.

PASS ME THE BUTTER, PLEASE - Pásame la mantequilla, por favor

Con esta fórmula utilizamos el imperativo para pedir algo o suavizar una orden. Es una fórmula muy común que se emplea con personas de confianza. Casi nunca se omite la palabra please con el imperativo. Ten en cuenta que un tono brusco o impaciente puede convertir una petición en una orden autoritaria o impertinente.

CAN YOU PASS ME THE BUTTER, PLEASE? - ¿Me puedes pasar la mantequilla, por favor?

Esta fórmula se utiliza mucho para hacer una petición cortés. Existen otras fórmulas de cortesía que aprenderás más adelante.

Can también aparece en muchas expresiones. Algunas de éstas son:

• CAN YOU TELL ME THE TIME, PLEASE?
• CAN YOU TELL ME THE WAY, PLEASE?
• CAN YOU SPELL IT, PLEASE?

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