El comparativo y el superlativo en inglés

El comparativo y el superlativo en inglés se utilizan para hacer comparaciones. En esta lección veremos cómo utilizarlos.

Empezaremos por ver cómo utilizar la comparativa. Y a continuación, veremos el superlativo.

Adjetivos largos: more / the most (excepto los que terminan en Y)
Adjetivos cortos: -er / the -est
Igualdad: as + adjetivo + as

El comparativo inglés

En primer lugar, ¿Qué es una comparativa? Es muy sencillo, por ejemplo, si digo que Ana es más alta que Elena, o que esta pelota es más roja que aquella, estoy haciendo una comparación.

Comparativo de superioridad en inglés:

Se utiliza cuando queremos decir "más que...".

Con los adjetivos largos, utilizaremos las palabras More... than

Es muy sencillo. Veamos algunos ejemplos:

He is more handsome than me. Es más guapo que yo.
The black bag is more elegant than the green one. El bolso negro es más elegante que el verde.

Utilizamos More... than para los adjetivos que tienen dos o más sílabas (adjetivos largos), excepto los que terminan en y.

Con los adjetivos cortos (los de una sola sílaba), simplemente añadiremos -er al final del adjetivo, y luego than. Con los adjetivos que terminan en Y, simplemente sustituiremos la Y por -ier, y luego por than.

Veamos algunos ejemplos, para que quede más claro:

She is smarter than me.

He’s happier now.

Comparativo de igualdad en inglés

Utilizamos la comparativa de igualdad cuando queremos decir "tanto como...".
Por ejemplo: Él es tan bueno como tú.

En inglés, se utiliza :

as + adjetivo + as

She is as nice as you.
The movie is as good as the book.

Comparativo de inferioridad en inglés

Se utiliza para decir "menos... que".
Para ello, utilizamos las palabras Less... than

Joan is less happy than Louise.
She is less young than you.

El superlativo inglés

El superlativo inglés se utiliza para comparar un elemento con todo un grupo. Esto significa que se utiliza para decir "el más... de".
Por ejemplo:

El más fuerte del equipo.

El más rápido de la clase.

Superlativo de superioridad en inglés

Con los adjetivos de más de dos sílabas, utilizamos las palabras The most...

Pongamos algunos ejemplos:

He is the most handsome man I have ever seen.
Jhon is the most gifted musician in the orchestra.
The President is the most powerful man the country.

Para los adjetivos cortos, utilizaremos la terminación -est
Por ejemplo:

Marco is the oldest man in the city.
This is the fastest plane in the world.

Por último, para los adjetivos terminados en -Y, utilizaremos la terminación -iest y la Y desaparece. - He the happiest man I’ve seen.

Como puedes ver, se añade un elemento, un grupo o una categoría de comparación a la frase: “In the world” “in the city”, etc.

Superlativo de inferioridad en inglés

Se utiliza cuando se quiere decir "el menos... de"
Por ejemplo: El más barato del mercado.

Para ello, utilizamos las palabras The least + adjetivo
Ejemplo:

This is the least expensive house that I have ever seen.

Comparativos y superlativos irregulares en inglés

Good ⇒ better ⇒ the best

Bad ⇒ worse ⇒ the worst

Far ⇒ farther/further ⇒ the farthest/the furthest.

*** En inglés, la gente no utiliza mucho los comparativos y superlativos de inferioridad. En cambio, prefieren utilizar el comparativo y el superlativo de superioridad. Por ejemplo, en lugar de decir: "Luis is less tall than Juan", dirán "Juan is taller than Luis". Ambas son correctas, pero la segunda se utiliza con más frecuencia.

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Cuándo usar Since, For, Ago: ¿Cuáles son las diferencias?

¿Has confundido alguna vez For y Since, y no has sabido utilizar Ago? Aquí tienes una pequeña explicación para mostrarte las diferencias y ayudarte a ver las cosas más claras.

For y Since

For y Since se traducen ambos como desde. Casi siempre se utilizan con el presente perfecto (o el presente perfecto progresivo).

I haven’t called her for 5 weeks. - No la he llamado desde hace 5 semanas.

I haven’t called her since last may. - No la he llamado desde el pasado mes de mayo.

Después de For ⇒ pon una duración.
Después de Since ⇒ se pone un punto de partida, o una fecha concreta.
Esta es la principal diferencia que hay que recordar entre estas dos palabras.

Ejemplos:

For 25 years
For 7 months
For five hours
For a long time

Since her birthday
Since 2010
Since last year
Since yesterday

Recuerda:

For + duration
Since + punto de partida

Nota: Tiene sentido utilizar el presente perfecto (o el presente perfecto progresivo), en lugar de otro tiempo. En efecto, se utiliza cuando se habla de una acción pasada que está vinculada al presente. Cuando se utiliza la palabra "desde", se suele hablar de algo que sigue vigente.

Ago

Si quieres hablar de una acción pasada, en el pasado, debes decir "hace" en su lugar:

"Conocí a Pablo hace cinco años". Se trata de un suceso concreto que ocurrió hace cinco años.

Así que usamos AGO en inglés:

I met Pablo 5 years ago.

Ago se utiliza siempre junto a un marcador de tiempo. Significa "hace" y se coloca después del marcador de tiempo.

I sent you an email five weeks ago. - Te envié un correo electrónico hace cinco semanas.
I was a police ages ago. - Fui policía hace años.
I finished this film three hours ago! - ¡He terminado esta película hace tres horas!

Ago se utiliza siempre en pretérito.

*** Para los ejercicios de inglés que te piden que elijas entre pretérito y presente perfecto, ya sabes que si ves for o since, debes elegir presente perfecto, y si ves ago, debes poner pretérito.

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The history of the locksmith - Children's tales

Recursos Educativos en Inglés - Stories in English - Cuentos en inglés

The history of the locksmith - Stories for children

Once upon a time there was a locksmith who was wrongly accused of crimes and condemned to live in a deep, dark prison. When he had been there for some time, his wife, who loved him dearly, came to the king and begged him to at least allow her to bring her husband a carpet so that he could perform his daily prostrations. The king considered this request just and gave the woman permission to bring him a prayer rug.

The prisoner thanked his wife for the carpet and faithfully performed his prostrations on it every day.

After a while, the man escaped from prison and when asked how he had managed it, he explained that after years of doing his prostrations and praying to get out of prison, he began to see what was right under his nose. One fine day he saw that his wife had woven into the carpet the pattern of the lock that held him prisoner. When he realised this and realised that he already had in his possession all the information he needed to escape, he began to make friends with his guards. And he convinced them that they would all live much better lives if they helped him and escaped from the prison together.

They agreed, for although they were guards, they understood that they were also prisoners. They also wanted to escape, but did not have the means to do so.

So the locksmith and his guards decided on the following plan: they would bring him pieces of metal and he would make useful things out of them to sell in the market. Together they would amass resources for the escape, and from the strongest piece of metal they could acquire, the locksmith would make a key.

One night, when all was ready, the locksmith and his guards opened the lock on the prison door and stepped out into the cool of the night, where his beloved wife was waiting for him.

He left the prayer rug in the prison, so that any other prisoner who was clever enough to interpret the pattern on the rug could also escape. Thus he was reunited with his wife, his former guards became his friends and they all lived in harmony. Love and expertise prevailed.

Traditional Sufi tale

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World Environment Day, 5 June

World Environment Day is celebrated every year on 5 June. Initiated by the United Nations, the day is one of the main ways of raising environmental awareness and promoting political interest and action.

What is the environment?

The environment is the set of natural and man-made elements in which life (animal, human or plant) develops. The environment is therefore the surroundings in which human beings live: this environment includes air, water, soil, natural resources, living beings and species, fungi, microbes, ecosystems and the biosphere.

How is our planet doing?

There are major ecological problems that affect the lives of animals and humans on our planet. These include all forms of pollution, climate change, ozone layer depletion, the use and management of freshwater resources, excessive deforestation, desertification and land degradation, loss of biodiversity, etc.

We depend on our environment

A healthy environment is directly related to our health. If natural resources are over-consumed and the environment is degraded, people suffer and national economies deteriorate. With regard to the environment, sustainable development aims to combine the economic, social and environmental aspects of current development problems, meeting the needs of present generations without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

Helping our planet

World Environment Day was launched in 1972, the same day that the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) was created. UNEP is the highest environmental authority in the United Nations system. Its mission is to provide leadership and foster cooperation to protect the environment. It is also a source of inspiration and information, and an instrument for improving the quality of life of ecosystems and all living species.

Suggested actions

- Save water and energy by using energy-saving light bulbs, running the washing machine or dishwasher only when the machine is full or hanging clothes out to dry.

- Avoid single-use products such as wipes, tissues and disposable cutlery. Instead, use sustainable and reusable alternatives. Also avoid buying over-packaged products and compost at home. This will reduce the pressure you put on the environment by producing waste.

- Get involved in an environmental organisation or committee in your school or community. You will meet people who care about preserving our planet and who will offer you tools and actions to better understand and act.

- Put the 3R (reduce, reuse and recycle) method into practice. For example:

• Avoid aerosol products;
• Use recycled paper;
• Set up a composting system at school;
• Use a lunch box instead of disposable bags;
• Choose rechargeable batteries;
• Organise a garage sale to give a second life to items you and your family no longer use, etc.

- Use public transport, carpool or exercise (walking, jogging, cycling, inline skating...); it's good for your health! It is also good for your health and will reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

- Use reusable bags when you go shopping instead of always accepting the plastic bags offered to you.

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World Bicycle Day - June 3

 On 12 April 2018, the United Nations General Assembly proclaims 3 June as World Bicycle Day, in recognition of the uniqueness, longevity and versatility of the bicycle, which has been in use for more than two centuries. The General Assembly also highlights the advantages of the bicycle as a simple, economical, reliable, environmentally friendly and sustainable means of transport that promotes health for all.

The United Nations recently highlighted cycling as essential to the ecological transition in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) recalled that investing in pedestrians and cyclists - who make up the majority of a city's citizens - can save lives, as well as help protect the environment and reduce poverty.

The UCI is also delighted to be part of a global solidarity movement to be launched on 3 June by the NGO World Bicycle Relief (WBR). This organisation brings people together through the "power of bicycles", manufacturing and distributing purpose-built, sturdy bicycles assembled in recipient countries. They are then distributed to students, health professionals, entrepreneurs and workers in rural areas, where getting around is a challenge in itself.

#CyclingActsofKindness celebrates a simple idea: an act of kindness can change the world. What better day than today to spread kindness on two wheels? The concept couldn't be simpler. World Bicycle Relief is asking people around the world to:

• Get on your bike and go do a good deed.

Deliver a meal to a friend, collect food for a neighbour, plant a tree? Have fun and spread joy all around you! (respecting local social distancing guidelines, of course).

• Share your story on social media via #CyclingActsofKindness, #WorldBicycleDay, #3JuneWorldBicycleDay

To show the world the image of the goodness of cycling.

• Encourage your friends and family to follow the trend.

By taking the decision to cycle, thousands of people spread the good every day, all over the world. They may be motivated by personal reasons (health, freedom, independence), by the environment (an active and sustainable means of transport rather than a motorised one) or by the desire to help others (visiting a friend, running errands for the family, taking their children to play in the park). The aim of this campaign is to give visibility to and celebrate these acts of kindness around the world by bringing together cyclists and stories of great social impact.

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4 June, International Day of Innocent Child Victims of Abuse

The purpose of this day is to raise awareness of the suffering endured by children around the world who are victims of physical, mental and emotional abuse, and to recall the commitment of the United Nations to the protection of children's rights. Its work is guided by the 1989 Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC, United Nations, 2019).

It is an opportunity for people around the world to become aware of the monstrous impact of abuse, in all its forms, on children. It is also a time for organisations and individuals to learn about and participate in awareness-raising campaigns to protect children's rights (United Nations, 2012).

A little history

On 19 August 1982, at its special emergency session on the Palestinian question, the General Assembly, "appalled by the large number of Palestinian and Lebanese children who are innocent victims of Israel's acts of aggression", decided to designate 4 June each year as the International Day for Innocent Children Victims of Aggression (resolution ES-7/8, United Nations, 2019).

In 1997, the General Assembly adopted resolution 51/77 on the Rights of the Child, a landmark act in the drive to improve the protection of children in conflict situations.

In recent years, the number of violations against children has increased in many war zones. More and better action is needed to protect the 250 million children living in conflict-affected countries and territories; more and better action is needed to remove them from the violent extremists who target them; to promote international humanitarian and child rights laws; and to prosecute those responsible for their violations.

The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development gives us a blueprint for securing a better future for children; it includes for the first time a specific goal (16.2) for ending all forms of violence against children, and ending the abuse, neglect and exploitation of children is included in several other goals related to violence and conflict.

The six most widespread violations are: recruitment and use of children in warfare, killing, sexual violence, abduction, attacks on schools and hospitals, and denial of humanitarian access (United Nations, 2019).

Conflicts in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Yemen and Syria all show similar signs of children's exposure to a hostile environment. Violence has profoundly affected the lives of these children and has inevitably disenfranchised them. Action must be taken to remove these children from this violence.

Objective: to promote just, peaceful and inclusive societies

To meet this challenge, and to build more peaceful and inclusive societies, effective and transparent regulations and realistic and comprehensive budgets are essential. Among the first steps towards protecting individual rights are the implementation of a global birth register and the creation of more independent national human rights institutions around the world

Facts & figures

Among the institutions most affected by corruption are the police and the judiciary.

Corruption, bribery, embezzlement and tax evasion cost developing countries an estimated US$1.26 trillion each year, which could be used to improve the lives of those living on less than US$1.25 a day for at least 6 years.

73% of children under 5 years of age were registered at birth, but only 46% of people in sub-Saharan Africa were registered.

About 28.5 million school-age children not in primary school live in areas affected by war and conflict.

The rule of law and development are strongly interrelated and mutually reinforcing, and are therefore essential for sustainable development at the national and international levels.

Violence against children

1. Violence directly affects more than one billion children worldwide and costs societies more than $7 trillion a year.
2. Fifty per cent of the world's children experience violence every year.
3. Every 5 minutes, somewhere in the world, a child is killed by violence.
4. 1 in 10 children are sexually abused before they reach the age of majority.
5. 9 out of 10 children live in countries that do not fully prohibit corporal punishment, leaving 732 million children without legal protection.
6. All children can be victims of cyber-violence.
7. 246 million children experience violence in schools each year.
   1 in 3 students have been bullied by their peers at school in the last month, and at least 1 in 10 children have been cyberbullied.

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