viernes, 26 de agosto de 2022

The job interview - How to Prepare For an Interview

How to Prepare for a Job Interview

Job interviews

This is the most important stage in the selection process, so it is essential to get it right, as you rarely get a second chance to make a good impression. Here are some guidelines to help you prepare for this important first contact.

Firstly, try to find out as much as possible about the company you are applying to; it is a good idea to check their website and find out something about the products and services they offer, where they operate from and how many people work there.

You also need to make a good impression, so pay particular attention to the way you dress and your general physical appearance. For office work it is recommended to dress formally (a suit), men should wear a tie and women should wear only a modest amount of perfume, make-up and jewellery.

Plan your travel to the interview venue in advance to ensure that you arrive in good time, about 15-20 minutes early, and allow for possible delays en route. Punctuality, presentation and motivation are very important factors.

During the interview your level of English should be sufficient to express yourself clearly. It is advisable to bring an identity document with you. You should try to be relaxed and answer questions confidently and with as much integrity as possible.

It is fine to smile, but the contact should remain professional. Each question should be answered as fully and clearly as possible. If a question is not well understood, it may be asked to be repeated or clarified. Good communication skills are very important.

Interviews in most companies usually last about 30-40 minutes and there may be one interviewer or a panel of two or three. In this case, the panel will usually be chaired by the head of the department to which the vacant post belongs or a representative of the human resources department. Psycho-technical tests (20-30 minutes) are sometimes accompanied. The style of the interview may vary. Some interviewers open the interview with questions such as "tell me about yourself", which will allow you to speak for a significant part of the time. Make sure the panel members get a sense of your suitability for the job and the value you can bring to the company.

Don't monopolise the interview, don't give negative information if you are not asked and above all don't criticise your last employer. It is useful to show that you have bothered to do some research on the company. The key is to turn negative information into positive.

Unless asked by the panel, do not explain what motivated you to apply. There is very little discussion of non-professional issues. However, you can give examples of voluntary work you have done. You do not have to give details of your interests outside work, unless you use them as examples of your ability to do a task in response to one of the questions.

Typical questions include asking the candidate to give examples of when they have been in a situation with a particular problem and how they have solved it.

The main rules for applicants are that they should be professional, polite, stick to the facts, present themselves correctly, be motivated and be on time.

To recap, these are the ideas you need to be clear about:

  1. Qualifications and professional experience are very important, but what is vital is what the British call "aptitude". The positive disposition of the worker.
  2. Learn as much as you can about the company before the interview.
    Practice answers. Think about what the interviewers might be interested in about your professional or personal experience and prepare your answers.
  3. Dress appropriately. Physical presence can be a determining factor in a decision that will be made in a short period of time.
  4. Watch your body language. Do not cross your arms or legs, it indicates insecurity or defensiveness. Always look the person asking the question in the eye. During the answer, move your gaze between the different members of the panel.
  5. You should not give the impression of being shy or too forward. Being in the middle ground is the best way to get it right.
  6. Let the employer know at all times that you are not afraid of pressure situations.
  7. Don't try to convince them that you know how to do everything, it is better if you can convince them that you have the ability and willingness to learn.

⇒ How should I write the CV? - Practical advice on the CV

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How should I write the CV? - Practical advice on the CV

How should I write the CV?

Preliminary questions to consider

  1. Are you able to explain why you are better than other similar candidates?
  2. How can your skills benefit the hiring company?
  3. In the current situation, what type of industry or profession would benefit from your professional potential?
  4. What are your job requirements (salary, working hours, location, etc.) and how are they affecting the job search process?
  5. Which companies would you like to work for and why?

Tips for writing your CV

It is usual in the UK for a CV to be no longer than two pages, but if you can keep it to one page it will be even better.

Do not attach a photograph. (unless specifically requested).

Normally, a specific profile or career objective section is included in which in 3 or 4 lines you explain who you are, what you know how to do and where you would like to work.

Much more importance is given to the skills, competences and knowledge acquired through professional practice.

Make sure your CV is well structured and presented. Remember that if a CV is difficult to read, it will often be discarded and forgotten.

It is very important not to make spelling mistakes. If possible, ask someone to check your grammar and spelling.

Do not use coloured paper other than white and avoid using elaborate fonts.

Personal details (address and contact details) should appear at the top, followed by a brief summary of your education and qualifications.

You should then list your work experience, presented in reverse chronological order (i.e. your last job at the top of the list). For each job you have held, give a brief description of the position, including responsibilities and what it involved, as well as any results or achievements you have had.

List, in no more than three lines, a list of your personal activities or hobbies. If you have done social or voluntary work, it is worth mentioning this. List any languages you know and any training courses you have taken.

Normally, you should give two references (once you have passed the interview stage). Sometimes one reference is required to be academic and the other personal or character reference. References are a very important part of the recruitment process; 74% of employers contact the companies listed. The CV should include the positions, names, addresses and telephone numbers of two people who can provide references.

The CV should be accompanied by a cover letter (a "covering letter"), typed on a DIN A4-sized sheet of paper. The typical structure of a covering letter might be as follows: the first paragraph explains the reason for the letter, the second paragraph provides information on previous experience and education, and the third paragraph gives other information relevant to the position and your availability for an interview. UK companies usually reply quickly; if they do not reply within 4 weeks, it is advisable to call to make sure they have received your application. Remember that recruitment consultants and employers receive hundreds of CVs, so it is important that your cover letter stands out.

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jueves, 25 de agosto de 2022

Where to do language exchange in London

Where to do language exchange in London - Donde hacer intercambio de idiomas en Londres

Language exchange is a great way to socialise while learning a language with a native speaker or someone with a good command of the language. In London there are several options for every day of the week.

Sheephaven Language Exchange: The event is free. From 18h until 21h. at The Seephaven Bay, an Irish pub in Candem. The event is organised by Begonia Romero. There are also pub quizzes on Mondays which is also a good opportunity to practice your English. https://ift.tt/Z8VAQCF

Euroclub Language Exchange : MeetUp : Spanish-English. From 18.45h. Visit their website or Facebook page for more information. 020 7723 1050. It's not free, membership costs £12 for a 6 month subscription if you are unemployed and £20 otherwise. Sometimes they change dates so keep an eye on their Facebook page or MeetUp. Depending on the day they have other language exchanges such as Italian, German and French. https://ift.tt/SDktzYA

London language exchange: The event is free of charge. From 19.30h. 020 7498 4931. Join their group to participate. https://ift.tt/EIvoSTN

London exchanges: Free event. Starts from 19h at The Phoenix pub which is very close to Oxford Circus. https://ift.tt/xNWv0J5

Mammoth London Language Exchange | Meetup. Free event at the Zoo Bar. From 18.30h until 23h. At the entrance you have to say "Mammoth Language Exchange" to get a wristband and be allowed access to the reserved area downstairs and you can leave your coat free of charge. Bring ID with photo. 020 8395 4123, 020 7839 4188 ---- https://ift.tt/C1kMvq2

UK Coolege of English: They meet on Fridays from 18:15h to 19:30h. Join the weekly event on their Facebook page called "conversation club". https://ift.tt/4B5tRag

The free Saturday Language Exchange Group: English, French, German, Spanish and Portuguese. From 2.45pm to 5pm. Happy hour from 15.00h. 020 7389 9933 ---- https://ift.tt/y0XSgi1

Londres language exchange: From 18.00h. 020 7735 8129 ----- https://ift.tt/EIvoSTN

London Social Network – International language exchange: From 3pm. 020 7930 1885. Happy hour from 5pm ----- https://ift.tt/UrlHM5z

Other resources

The website https://ift.tt/0bVhfca works as a social network where users register and offer/seek someone to have conversations with.

On MeetUp you can find other language exchange groups. https://ift.tt/iOKnJAR

On the notice board of the Instituto Cervantes in London you can find information about Spanish-English language exchanges.

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What documentation should I bring with me to the UK?

What documentation should I bring with me to the UK? ¿Qué documentación debo llevar al Reino Unido?

If you intend to go to the UK to work, it is advisable to bring the following documents:

♦ Valid passport. Please note that if you are travelling with a Passport that you have reported lost or stolen to the Police, even if you have subsequently recovered it, from the moment of the report, this document becomes invalid and CANNOT be used for travel. The British Police are very strict in this regard and will immediately confiscate the Passport at entry control and it cannot be recovered, requiring the issuance of emergency travel documentation.

♦ Criminal Record Certificate: This is mainly required for professions related to childcare or health care. It can be requested through the website of the Ministry of Justice.

Important: When the criminal record certificate is to be effective abroad, it needs to be legalised. The country of destination of the document must be indicated in the application (single legalisation or Hague Apostille). However, as of 16 February 2019, in cases where the country of destination is another EU Member State, negative criminal record certificates and documents issued by Civil Registries, including consular ones, are exempt from legalisation or apostille.

♦ Academic and professional qualifications.

♦ Professional references (letters of recommendation from companies or institutions in which you have worked, stating the position of responsibility held, period, etc.).

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Health Care in the UK

health care uk, Asistencia Sanitaria en el Reino Unido en inglés

If you live in the UK you are entitled to free medical care through the National Health Service (NHS).

In the United Kingdom, you are insured under the National Health Service (NHS) by virtue of residence rather than by registration with the National Insurance Scheme. In principle, those who are ordinarily resident in the country are entitled to be users of the system.

European citizens who are lawfully resident before 31 December 2020 and their family members will be entitled to free NHS care provided that they apply for settled status under UK regulations before 30 June 2021.

If you arrive in the UK on a visa you have to pay an Immigration Health Surcharge (IHS) as part of your visa application and will be able to access NHS services.

The UK will cover healthcare for the first three months of life for babies born in the UK whose parents have been legally resident in the UK for more than six months. The government requires parents to have a visa for more than six months and to apply for the visa for their newborn child.

If you do not have health insurance, you will be charged 150% of the standard NHS fee for any care you receive.

Each region of the UK has its own NHS body. The differences between regional health services are mainly structural and in how some of the services are delivered.

The following information is primarily aimed at Healthcare in England.

GP registration

To receive medical care in the UK you need to register with a General Practitioner (General Practice-GP). You can choose your own GP although they have some autonomy in accepting or not accepting patients if they do not live in the local area or if the practice is too full. In this case you should try another GP in the area.

Hospital care

You will usually need a referral from your GP for most hospital treatment, except in emergencies.

Hospital treatment is free if you are resident in the UK.

The services and treatments listed below are free to all NHS Hospitals in England, including overseas visitors:

  • A&E services - but not emergency treatment once you have been admitted to hospital.
  • family planning services - but not termination of pregnancy or treatment for infertility.
  • Treatment for most infectious diseases, including sexually transmitted infections (STIs).
  • Treatment required for a physical or mental condition caused by torture, female genital mutilation, domestic violence or sexual violence - this does not apply if you have come to England to seek this treatment unless you have applied for, or been granted, asylum status.

Emergency Services (A&E), Walk-in centre or Minor injury unit (Minor injury unit)

A&E (Accident and Emergency): deals with life-threatening emergencies, such as loss of consciousness, chest pain, respiratory distress, severe bleeding, severe allergic reactions, severe burns, etc. Not all hospitals have an A&E department.

Walk-in centre and Minor injury unit: for urgent but non-life threatening medical care such as sprains, cuts, bites and stings, ear and throat infections, skin infections and rashes, eye problems, coughs and colds, high temperature in children and adults, stomach pain, vomiting, etc.

S1 certificate

If you are lawfully living in the UK before 31 December 2020 and hold an S1 certificate, for example because you receive a state pension or certain 'exportable' benefits from your home country, or if you are a frontier worker (someone living in an EU country, Norway, Iceland, Liechtenstein or Switzerland, and working in the UK) you will be able to access NHS care as long as you continue to be ordinarily resident in the UK.

You will need to register your S1 certificate in the UK to access NHS care in the same way as a person who is ordinarily resident:

Overseas Healthcare Services
NHS Business Services Authority
Bridge House
152 Pilgrim Street
Newcastle upon Tyne
NE1 6SN
Email: Esta dirección de correo electrónico está siendo protegida contra los robots de spam. Necesita tener JavaScript habilitado para poder verlo.

If you do not have an S1 certificate, you can apply for one when you reach State Pension age, as long as you are still resident in the UK. You can apply to your national social security authority (EU, Norwegian, Icelandic, Liechtenstein or Swiss competent authority for health insurance).

Pharmacies

Pharmacists are experts in medicines that can help you with minor health problems. As health professionals they can offer clinical advice and over-the-counter medicines for minor ailments, such as coughs, colds, sore throats, stomach problems and aches and pains.

If symptoms suggest that it is something more serious, pharmacists have the right training to make sure you get the help you need. For example, they will tell you if you need to see a GP, nurse or other health professional.

For some types of medicines, you will need a prescription from your NHS doctor.

Costs for medical care - Prescriptions

In the UK there is no co-payment for medical or hospital care, except for dental care, where you have to pay fixed amounts per treatment which are set annually by the Department of Health.

For prescriptions you will have to pay a fixed amount (currently £9.35 per prescription, regardless of the price of the medicine), unless you are exempt from paying.

There are special conditions for the chronically ill or those who need a large number of prescriptions, for which there are quarterly or annual ceilings. A number of groups are exempt from this co-payment, such as the over-60s, under-16s (18 if they are students), pregnant women (or those who have given birth in the previous 12 months) and if they receive any income-contingent benefits.

These charges apply only in England, having been abolished in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.

Prescriptions issued by another country

From 1 January 2021, a prescription issued in an EEA member state (EU countries, Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway) or Switzerland can be dispensed in the UK if the prescriber is a member of a recognised profession that has the legal right to issue such a prescription in the country where the prescription is issued.

Fuente: Ministerio de Trabajo España

More information:https://ift.tt/EsWdke1

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martes, 23 de agosto de 2022

Modal verbs - Verbos modales en inglés

¿Cuándo usamos Modal verbs - Verbos modales en inglés?

¿Qué son los verbos modales?

En inglés, los modales (plural de modal) no son palabras que deban interpretarse como si tuvieran un significado. Más que significar algo, los modales ingleses tienen una función.

Para hacer una comparación, tomemos la palabra -de-. por si sola no tiene ningún significado, porque es una palabra que tiene una función. En cambio, si digo "es la casa de Elena", entonces entendemos el significado de la palabra (la casa pertenece a Elena).

Lo mismo ocurre con los modales. Cada modalidad tiene una o varias funciones particulares.

Para entender los modales, primero haremos una lista de modales y explicaremos cómo se comportan en las frases: se comportan como auxiliares. Luego veremos qué funciones realizan.

Lista de verbos modales

Hay 9 modales:

  1. Can
  2. Could
  3. May
  4. Might
  5. Must
  6. Should
  7. Will
  8. Would
  9. Shall

Las tres peculiaridades de los modales 

Cuando construyas una frase con un modal, debes respetar estas tres reglas:

1) Son invariables. Sea cual sea el tiempo de la frase, el sujeto de la misma, los modales se escribirán siempre de la misma manera. Por ejemplo:

I Could
You Could
He Could
We Could
You Could
They Could

Esto no debe confundirse con los verbos "normales" que llevan una S en la tercera persona del singular en tiempo presente (por ejemplo: she reads). Con los modales, siempre es igual.

2) Van seguidos de una base verbal. Es decir, un verbo, en infinitivo, sin el TO delante. Por ejemplo:

I can call you the monday. Puedo llamarte el lunes.

No se utiliza "To call". Solo CALL.

Esta base verbal también es invariable. No cambia, sea cual sea el sujeto.

3) Se comportan como auxiliares (porque SON auxiliares) en oraciones negativas e interrogativas. Así que no necesitas los auxiliares DO, HAVE o BE.

Esto significa que nunca dirás "I don’t may". Dirás "I may not". Del mismo modo, al hacer una pregunta, nunca dirás "¿Do you will...?", sino que dirás "¿Will you...?".

Esta es la lista de formas negativas de los modales:

  1. May - may not
  2. Might - might not
  3. Can - can’t o cannot
  4. Could - couldn’t o could not
  5. Must - mustn’t o must not
  6. Should - shouldn’t o should not
  7. Will - won’t o will not
  8. Would - wouldn’t o would not

Para las formas interrogativas, simplemente se invierte el sujeto y el modal.

I will - will you…?
I might - might I…?
I can - can you…?

¿Qué funciones tiene cada modalidad?

Los modales pueden tener una o varias funciones según el contexto. Aquí tienes un resumen general.

May

Forma afirmativa: expresa la probabilidad 

Lo que puede ocurrir: It may snow again tomorrow. Puede que mañana vuelva a nevar.

Lo que puede ser cierto: What you’re saying may be true. Lo que dices puede ser cierto.

También puede expresar permiso: You may eat now. Ya puedes comer.

Forma negativa: May not

Lo que no puede ocurrir.

Lo que puede no ser cierto.

También puede expresar una prohibición categórica. You may not eat here. No se puede comer aquí.

Forma interrogativa: May I…?

En una pregunta, may se utiliza para pedir permiso, pero de una forma aún más educada que con can y could. - May I eat here?

Might

Forma afirmativa:

El modal Might es un sinónimo de may. What you’re saying might be true. Lo que dices puede ser cierto.

Forma negativa:

Might not.

Forma interrogativa:

Una petición aún más educada que con MAY (raramente se ve).

Can

Forma afirmativa:

Lo que uno es capaz de hacer: I can read this book. Puedo leer este libro (soy capaz).

Lo que está permitido: I can go out tomorrow. Puedo salir mañana (se me permite).

Forma negativa:

Cannot o can't.

Lo que no puedes hacer.
Lo que está prohibido.

Forma interrogativa:

Can I…?

Pedir permiso o hacer una petición. Dad, can I go to the theater tomorrow? - Papá, ¿puedo ir al teatro mañana?

Could

Forma afirmativa:

Lo que uno podría hacer: If I had a pool, I could swim. Si tuviera una piscina, podría nadar.

Qué podría pasar si...

Could también puede ser el tiempo pasado de - can -.I could see you. Te pude ver.

Forma negativa

Could not o couldn’t

Similar a la forma afirmativa. I couldn't see you. No pude verte.

Forma interrogativa:

Pedir un favor o un permiso de forma educada. Could you help me?

Must

Forma afirmativa:

 El modal Must transmite un deber, una obligación. Lo que debes hacer.- I must clean my house today. Hoy debo limpiar mi casa.

Must también puede expresar una certeza. It must be half past five. - Sin duda, deben ser las 5 y media.

Forma negativa:

Mustn't o must not.

Esta forma expresa una prohibición.

Should:

Forma afirmativa:

El modal should expresa un deber, como must, pero con menos fuerza. Se utiliza para expresar lo que se debe hacer. A menudo se utiliza para dar consejos. (ej.: You must read more - Debes leer más).

Forma negativa:

Should't o should not

El mismo significado que la forma afirmativa. You shouldn't go out today - No deberías salir hoy.

Forma interrogativa:

Should I…?

Will:

Forma afirmativa :

Expresión del tiempo futuro: Como ver en la lección sobre el tiempo futuro en inglés, el modal will se utiliza principalmente para expresar el futuro. (Como el tiempo futuro no existe como tiempo gramatical en inglés, se construye con el modal will).

Ejemplos: I will be 30 next month. El mes que viene cumpliré 30 años.

También se suele utilizar la forma contraída de will: "ll. - I'll be 30 next month.

Will también puede expresar la voluntad o la toma de decisiones.

Forma negativa:

Will not o won't.

Expresar el futuro.

Puede utilizarse para expresar una prohibición. Dad won't let me go out. Papá no me deja salir.

Forma interrogativa:

Para pedir un favor, por ejemplo. Will you help me?

Would

La función principal del modal sería expresar el condicional. 

Ejemplos: It would be cool to meet Italy. Sería genial conocer Italia.

I wouldn’t want to travel to Italy. No me gustaría viajar a Italia.

También se utiliza la forma contraída en 'D: It’d be cool to meet Italy.

Shall:

Ya casi no se utiliza. Sólo se utiliza para hacer sugerencias, normalmente en forma interrogativa:

Ejemplo: ¿Tomamos un taxi? ¿Tomamos un taxi?

En el inglés británico shall también puede usarse como el equivalente en tercera persona del singular de will, aunque esta forma se ve raramente hoy en día.

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El tiempo futuro en inglés

¿Cuándo usamos El tiempo futuro en inglés?

El tiempo futuro no es un tiempo gramatical en inglés. Este tiempo no existe como tal en la lengua inglesa, pero se construye con diferentes palabras. Por ejemplo con WILL, que es la forma más común de expresar el futuro. También hay que ir a por el futuro inmediato. A veces incluso utilizamos el tiempo presente para hablar del futuro. Por ejemplo: What are you doing tomorrow?

Will

Construcción:

La palabra will es un modal. Es la palabra más común para hablar en tiempo futuro. Una frase en tiempo futuro con will se construye de la siguiente manera:

Sujeto + WILL + Base Verbal.

I will cook for lunch. Voy a cocinar para el almuerzo.

Después de WILL, como después de todos los modales, los verbos son INVARIABLES, y nunca se poneTO.

Forma negativa :

I will not cook for lunch.

I won’t cook for lunch. (forma contraída).

Forma interrogativa:

La voluntad toma el papel de auxiliar, por lo que no son necesarios los auxiliares hacer, tener o ser.

Will you cook for lunch?

¿Cuándo se usa?

Will se utiliza para hablar de un futuro casi seguro (por ejemplo: I will be 30 next year).
También se utiliza para enfatizar la expresión de la voluntad. Implica que la decisión se acaba de tomar. (Si la decisión es anterior al momento de hablar, no se suele usar).

Ejemplo: I will have an ice coffe. Tomaré un café con hielo.

Be going to + Verbo

I am going to write. - Voy a escribir.

I am going to run soon. - Voy a correr pronto.

También se utiliza para hacer predicciones basadas en pistas presentes. Por ejemplo: Be careful, you’re going to burnt! - ¡Ten cuidado, te vas a quemar!

Por último, se utiliza cuando la decisión se ha tomado antes del momento de hablar (a diferencia de la voluntad, que se utiliza para expresar una decisión que se acaba de tomar). Por ejemplo: I am going to take a coffee cup.

Por último, be going to + verbo puede utilizarse cuando se da una orden, o se utiliza una forma de autoridad.

Now you’re going to get in the bus and leave this village as soon as you can. Ahora vas a subir al autobús y dejar este pueblo tan pronto como puedas.

Ten en cuenta que en el lenguaje coloquial, going to se dice a veces gonna. Por ejemplo: You’re gonna go - o - you gonna go.

Otras formas de hablar en el futuro:

A veces se utiliza el presente para hablar en futuro.

Ejemplo: The train arrives today at 5pm. El barco llega hoy a las 17 horas.

Hablar de una acción que realmente está a punto de ocurrir.

Hello? Good morning Cris, I was just about to call you! - Hola? Buenos días Cris, ¡estaba a punto de llamarte! 

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  • Cómo expresar opiniones en inglés
  • Uso de whose en inglés - Pronombres relativos
  • Who, which y that - Pronombres Relativos en inglés
  • Was going to - El futuro en el pasado
  • DO y MAKE en inglés ¿Cuáles son las diferencias?
  • Cuándo usar Since, For, Ago: ¿Cuáles son las diferencias?
  • The Gerund - El gerundio en inglés
  • El Imperativo en Inglés - Imperative
  • El comparativo y el superlativo en inglés
  • Preguntas con WH-Questions 01 - What, where, why, who
  • Preguntas con WH-Questions 02 - When, Which, Whose, How
  • Cómo expresar cantidades en inglés
  • Adjectives - Los Adjetivos en Inglés
  • Uso de some / any acompañando nombres contables/incontables
  • Modal verbs - Verbos modales en inglés
  • El tiempo futuro en inglés
  • Present Perfect Progressive - Presente perfecto progresivo
  • Present perfect - El presente perfecto inglés
  • Pretérito progresivo o continuo en inglés
  • Simple past - El pretérito o pasado simple en inglés
  • Presente continuo - Forma Afirmativa - English grammar
  • Presente continuo - Forma Negativa
  • Puntuación en inglés - All about punctuation in English
  • Los verbos Auxiliares en inglés - Auxiliary Verbs
  • Verbos irregulares en inglés, la lista que debes conocer
  • Cómo decir la fecha en inglés - How to say the date in English
  • Construir frases simples - To build a simple sentence
  • Nombres contables e incontables en inglés
  • Presente continuo - Forma Interrogativa
  • Cómo Preguntar y decir el precio en inglés

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